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The COP28 climate talks cast new attention on carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) strategies. Advocates point out that the Earth's natural sequestration systems are already overburdened, and some argue that large-scale, underground carbon sequestration facilities are needed to draw excess carbon dioxide from the air. However, their case is being undermined by others who advocate for new carbon sequestration technologies, including strategies that enhance the ability of nature to absorb excess carbon.

The case for carbon capture and sequestration 

Advocates for carbon capture and sequestration point to the simplicity, scale, long duration and reliability of the technology. ExxonMobil, for example, describes CCS as systems to capture carbon dioxide that “otherwise would be released into the atmosphere, and injecting it into geologic formations deep underground for safe, secure and permanent storage.” The company further claims the technology is "readily available" and "can significantly reduce emissions from sectors like refining, chemicals, cement, steel and power generation."

That reference to “geologic formations” is a bit disingenuous, though. In North America, for example, captured carbon is likely to be injected underground for the purpose of extracting more oil from mature wells. On November 2, ExxonMobil increased its position in the enhanced oil extraction industry when it announced the acquisition of the firm Denbury. 

The case against carbon capture and sequestration

Aside from its proven deployment in enhanced oil recovery, the case for carbon capture and sequestration is a shaky one on economic grounds. Critics argue that it is expensive compared to replacing fossil fuels with renewable resources. Instead of applying CCS to power plant emissions, they argue the technology should be reserved for heavy industries where the application of renewable energy is impractical.

A working paper published on December 4 by researchers at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment of Oxford University makes the economic case against carbon capture and sequestration for power plants. The authors note that the cost of CCS has not declined “at all” in 40 years, and it is not expected to decline significantly in the future.

That’s a sharp contrast with the cost of wind and solar power. Both plummeted in roughly the same period, and both are expected to continue declining in the coming years.

“Relying on mass deployment of CCS to facilitate high ongoing use of fossil fuels would cost society around a trillion dollars extra each year — it would be highly economically damaging,” said Rupert Way, honorary research associate at Smith.

Here in the U.S., the economic case against carbon capture for power plant emissions has been underscored by the FutureGen CCS project. Aimed at capturing and sequestering carbon emissions from a coal power plant in Illinois, FutureGen was announced in 2003 as a model for others to follow. The project was canceled in 2015 after private investors failed to match $1 billion in public funding. Plans to retrofit a coal power plant in New Mexico for CCS fell through after the plant closed in 2022.

Longstanding plans for a new carbon pipeline in the Midwest were withdrawn in September after opposition from residents and regulators. The pipeline would have transported carbon emissions from 30 ethanol plants to a central location in Illinois.

Making captured carbon irrelevant, eventually

In another wrinkle on the carbon capture issue, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology point out that conventional CCS systems at coal power plants are not designed to capture 100 percent of emissions. The goal of 90 percent has long been used as a technologically attainable and fiscally feasible benchmark. The researchers note that removing significantly more than 90 percent will require “a leap” to more expensive, energy-intensive technology.

Anything less than 100 percent capture would still enable high concentrations of carbon dioxide to escape into the atmosphere. In contrast, the technology for reducing power plant emissions by 100 percent is already at hand, in the form of wind, solar and other renewables.

The Smith researchers do foresee the need for carbon capture and sequestration to decarbonize heavy industries, including the very ones highlighted by ExxonMobil — with the exception of power plants, that is.

That may be necessary in the foreseeable future, but it could become irrelevant in the long run. New technologies that deploy renewable energy to decarbonize steel, cement making and other industries are already emerging.

The “green steel” movement, for example, deploys electric furnaces and green hydrogen produced from water and renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. The technology is supported by leading steel buyers including automotive stakeholders, as illustrated by Volvo and the Swedish green steel firm SSAB.

Two other industries mentioned by ExxonMobil, refining and chemicals, are also beginning to deploy green hydrogen as a replacement for captured carbon and other petrochemicals. One good example in this area is the ammonia industry, where the leading firm CF Industries is constructing the first carbon-free ammonia plant at commercial scale in North America.

The cement industry provides still another example. Innovators like Novacem are coming up with new formulas and deploying biofuels to develop cement with a carbon-negative profile.

The value of natural carbon capture systems

The strategy of planting more trees to capture and sequester more carbon has gained considerable traction in recent years. It has been undercut by concerns over commercial forest management issues, but a more sophisticated, nature-centered approach called forest landscape restoration has emerged. 

In addition, trees are not the only nature-based platforms for sequestering carbon. Agricultural soils have also been identified as platforms for carbon sequestration, reflecting lessons learned from Indigenous practices known today as regenerative agriculture. “There is a strong scientific basis for managing agricultural soils to act as a significant carbon sink over the next several decades,” one frequently cited study reads.

Though experts caution that transitioning millions of small farms around the world into restorative practices will be time consuming, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has already received an overwhelming response to its newly launched Partnerships for Carbon Smart Commodities program to promote soil carbon sequestration among farmers and ranchers.

Rocks are another untapped natural resource. The Scottish sequestration startup UnDo and the U.S. firm Eion, for example, have developed systems that accelerate the natural ability of molecules in rocks to attach to carbon.

These “enhanced rock weathering” systems typically involve crushing certain types of rock and strategically incorporating them into farmland. It is based on the same natural process that produces calcium carbonate, better known as limestone.

Next steps for sustainable carbon capture and sequestration

Aside from natural systems, new technologies that repurpose captured carbon to fabricate yarns and other products are also in play. Some of the innovators in this area include Aether (synthesized diamonds) and Restore Foodware (natural polymers facilitated by microbes) as well as the firm LanzaTech, which is developing a widely used chemical building block to replace petrochemicals in polyester and other products.

Just as renewable energy has decentralized and redistributed power generation, the carbon sequestration field is ripe with new opportunities for sustainable business development. Against this backdrop, betting the future of the Earth on high-cost, heavily subsidized and centralized technologies that enable fossil energy extraction to continue appears both ineffectual and out of date. 

Picture this: You’re sitting in the shade of an umbrella, enjoying a day at the beach, when something on the horizon catches your eye. You lift your sunglasses and squint to get a better look. It’s a buoy bobbing on the waves, ready to help boaters navigate the water. And one day it will be recycled into a pair of shorts.

The idea may sound far-flung, but the outdoor clothing company Livsn Designs is doing just that. The company takes a principles-based approach to design — meaning new clothes are created with its core values, sustainability and durability, at the forefront. The first step is finding the best-performing, high-quality material for the job. 

“I think that's actually the most sustainable thing you can do,” said Andrew Gibbs-Dabney, the founder and CEO of Livsn. “If you start there, you're already ahead of most things because it's going to do its job well. Then, if you get a durable material, it's going to last a long time. You combine those two things, and you've got something very sustainable before you've ever even touched what it's made of.” 

When it came to creating lightweight pants that would perform well in the elements, the designers decided on nylon. The next step was putting out a call for high-quality, sustainable nylons, preferably one produced from a recycled waste product.

“What came back was a whole lot of really great recycled options, but this particular program, Blue Ocean, stood out,” Gibbs-Dabney said. “It was the best fabric, and it had this amazing story where the raw material — or 70 percent of it — is sourced from recycled fishing buoys that were all gathered from within 100 miles of the mill in Taiwan.” 

To make Blue Ocean Nylon, retired buoys that may otherwise be left adrift in the ocean are collected, ground into tiny pieces, heated and pulled into thread, he said. That thread is turned into the fabric used to create Livsn’s Ecotrek line of trail shorts and pants, which also consist of 25 percent traditional nylon and 5 percent Spandex. 

Despite the unique choice of material, the shorts feel similar to cotton. They’re soft, stretchy and airy enough to be comfortable in the heat — a quality not typical of synthetic materials — thanks to the lightweight and porous buoy nylon, Gibbs-Dabney said.

But there are downsides. Using Blue Ocean Nylon means it takes significantly more time to get the fabric from suppliers, because they source the recycled yarn per order rather than keeping inventory on hand.

“If we just wanted a nylon pair of pants, they'd say, ‘Okay, here you go’ in 30 days. Our lead times are more like 90 to 120 [days],” Gibbs-Dabney said. “What we're trying to do to overcome it is to buy more bulk of the fabric, even undyed, so that we can have that on hand to produce on demand. Which is a whole lot more nimble and more sustainable than making a whole bunch of pants that we're not quite sure people need right now.”

Livsn has yet to measure the potentially reduced environmental impacts of its Ecotrek line, like carbon dioxide emission reductions from using recycled yarn instead of virgin material. But the company prides itself on producing high-quality products that will serve people for as long as possible, Gibbs-Dabney said. 

“One thing I can speak to, at least from our principles and values point of view, is that making a product that lasts two to three to four times longer than the competition automatically sees a two to three to four times reduction in footprint,” he said. “Because another pair of pants, another product, didn't need to get made in that time.”

To extend the life of its products as long as possible, the company recently launched a resale marketplace where used clothing from the brand can be sold instead of sent to the landfill. Livsn also offers free repairs for pieces that broke when they shouldn’t have and repairs at a cost for wear and tear. 

“The impact of that, while not quantifiable, is really incredible,” Gibbs-Dabney said. “People are choosing … to repair it, and keep it longer, and give it a whole new life.” 

Gibbs-Dabney expects to see the Ecotrek line expand alongside the company, including women’s pants and women’s and men’s overalls next year. 

“One thing that will make us even more special as we go … is that our values and mission are all built around making the best, most sustainable products we possibly can,” he said. “And our approach is iterative. So if we're not quite there yet, I believe that we will get there over time because this is our goal, and this is our mission, and it's who we are, and we'll continually improve what we're doing.” 

Editor's note: The author received a pair of Ecotrek trail shorts to test. Neither the author nor TriplePundit were required to write about the brand.

Images courtesy of Livsn Designs

“Deforestation is a relic of the 20th century and needs to be left back there,” said Nicole Rycroft, founder and executive director at Canopy, an environmental organization dedicated to ending deforestation by connecting companies with next-generation solutions. “We are smarter than using thousand-year-old trees and vibrant forest ecosystems to make T-shirts and pizza boxes.”

Yet we continue to do so, with roughly 15 billion trees harvested each year. Over 6.5 million hectares were deforested last year alone, a 4 percent rise over 2021. Thus there’s little evidence the world will even come close to reaching zero deforestation by 2030 — a goal set at the COP26 climate talks when 145 countries signed on to the Glasgow Leaders Declaration on Forests and Land Use. Instead, we’re moving in the wrong direction.

Five billion felled trees are used to produce packaging, paper and semi-synthetic textiles annually, Rycroft said. Instead of cutting down old-growth and endangered forests to make products with such short lifespans, materials can be sourced from low-carbon, circular alternatives. 

“There are mountains of waste burned or landfilled every year — be it discarded clothing, agricultural residues like straw or industrial food waste,” she said. “Modern next-gen alternatives utilize these waste materials as input rather than climate and species-rich forests, and in doing so, enable brands to bypass any controversial forest fiber.”

From fast fashion to luxury brands, more than 900 companies have worked with Canopy to develop internal policies and solutions that eliminate sourcing from ancient and endangered forests — including Ben & Jerry’s, H&M, Stella McCartney and Zara’s parent company Inditex.

So, what’s stopping more companies from making the switch to waste-based inputs for their packaging, paper and fabrics? Not only is there the cost associated with transitioning away from traditional tree-based inputs, but there is also a need for more transparency in supply chains and more government regulation, Rycroft said.

"The journey to reverse deforestation and forest degradation is deeply rooted in traditional industry practices that rely on ‘take-make-waste’ production systems and powerful entities with deeply vested interests in current production models,” she said. “Our approach at Canopy is to challenge and change current carbon-intensive production by fostering innovative partnerships with leading brands to create the economic incentives for suppliers and governments to change ‘business as usual’ practice.”

Switching to waste-based materials instead of harvesting new ones from the planet’s dwindling supply of forests doesn’t just release less carbon, but it also maintains existing carbon sinks. Each ton of waste-based material eliminates four tons of carbon emissions compared to a ton of material from culled trees, Rycroft said. 

But producers have to see the value in evolving, which means there has to be a market reward for them to do so, she said. As such, Canopy is working with brands to scale up in the interest of converting the supply chain from one that relies on processes that are destroying biodiversity and the climate in favor of a sustainable, circular model that puts waste to use instead.

“Keeping forests standing has been consistently identified by economists and scientists as the fastest, cheapest and most effective way to stabilize our climate. Failing to invest in ending deforestation will have far more dire and expensive consequences for our planet and future generations,” Rycroft said. “The cost of inaction goes beyond financial implications. It's about the irreversible damage to biodiversity, the exacerbation of climate change, and the loss of vital ecosystems that are crucial for our survival. Forests are more than just trees —– they are complex ecosystems that are the lungs of our planet, crucial for carbon sequestration and precipitation cycles, and home to countless species.”

The cost of continuing business as usual is too high. Yet the world’s economy is structured in such a way that too many businesses will not do things differently until they are forced by government regulation or, more likely, stand to gain a substantial profit. While it doesn’t make sense to continue cutting down forests to make disposable products when the more sustainable alternative is dumped in landfills year after year, the question is: Will it be possible to scale up this solution in time to stop deforestation before it's too late? In a sense, changing how we make paper, packaging, and certain textiles is a race against the clock to save us from ourselves.

Images courtesy of Canopy 

Starting a business is rarely easy for anyone, but research shows entrepreneurs of color face even more of an uphill climb. In the U.S., entrepreneurs of color are significantly less likely to end their business profitably and many end up losing money, according to a 2023 report from the economic equity nonprofit Prosperity Now.

This is not only devastating for business owners, but it also contributes to a persistent racial wealth gap in which the typical white household has about six times as much wealth as the typical Black household and five times as much as the typical Hispanic household, based on the latest Federal Reserve Survey on Consumer Finance.

“Small businesses owned by people of color can help build intergenerational wealth, but it's only if these businesses are sustainable and profitable,” Doug Ryan, vice president of policy and applied research at Prosperity Now, told TriplePundit. “If they're losing money or they go bankrupt or they fail or they're not able to expand in a meaningful way or be acquired, it's not a sustainable wealth-building strategy for the individual, for the business owner, for the community, or for the country at large.”

In an effort to understand why former entrepreneurs of color walk away from their businesses and to begin to identify potential solutions, Prosperity Now explored a less charted area of entrepreneurship research: the experiences of former business owners. 

The data in its Former Entrepreneurs of Color report shines a spotlight on these individuals, revealing unique challenges and systemic barriers they faced. Key findings indicate stark disparities in profit and loss outcomes between white and minority former business owners. 

For example, about half of white former entrepreneurs reported a profitable final year of business, and a quarter said they managed to break even. But only around a quarter of Black former entrepreneurs reported profits in their last business year, and another quarter broke even. Among Hispanic former business owners, 38 percent garnered profits in their last business year, while around a quarter reached a break-even point. Additionally, more of the former white business owners sold their enterprise at a profit, whereas more Black and Hispanic entrepreneurs sold their businesses at a loss.

The barriers for entrepreneurs of color

While some of the well-known challenges of being an entrepreneur were evident across all racial and ethnic groups — feeling burnt out and undergoing a significant life event cited as the top reason for closing or ending a business by all former entrepreneurs — the study revealed pronounced disparities by race and ethnicity. 

Hispanic former entrepreneurs more frequently attributed business closure to financial challenges, while Black former entrepreneurs more frequently cited operations challenges as a reason for closure.

In addition, Hispanic former entrepreneurs more frequently cited financial challenges as reasons for business closure. Some 95 percent of Hispanic entrepreneurs identified making rent or mortgage payments for their business as a main challenge leading to closure.

Personal finances were the primary financial reason for closing a business across all groups. “How do you address that? I'm not really sure. But what it suggests is that it's really expensive to run a business, and people only have so much appetite for losing money,” Ryan said. 

While some of the challenges of owning a business show similarities, no single solution can address them all, Ryan said. “Business owners of color raised some big issues that will not be readily addressed by one type of intervention or another because they are systemic in some ways.”

At a high level, improvements across three structural areas — access to capital, technical assistance and public support — could begin to dismantle some of these barriers, he said. 

Expanding access to capital through community development financial institutions

Access to capital to support business operations was a significant barrier for almost all of the Hispanic former entrepreneurs surveyed, as well as 69 percent of Black and 62 percent of white former entrepreneurs.

A potential solution that is currently underleveraged are nonprofit community development financial institutions (CDFIs). These are lenders with a mission to provide fair, responsible financing to rural, urban, Native, and other communities that mainstream finance doesn’t traditionally reach. They serve as critical resources for small businesses in Black and Latinx communities, creating a secondary market for innovative small business lending, Ryan said.

“We have a 25-year-plus history with CDFIs, and building out their capacity to meet the needs of entrepreneurs of color is really important,” he told us. “Because they're nonprofits and they're also community-based, they are positioned differently than other lenders or other financial institutions to provide technical assistance and be the connective tissue with other resources in the community.”

The more than 1,300 certified CDFIs nationwide manage more than $222 billion, much of which they invest locally to create jobs, affordable housing, financial health, and opportunity for their communities — which can be transformational for investing in communities of color, as TriplePundit has reported.

In April 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department awarded $1.73 billion to hundreds of CDFIs to strengthen their ability to help low- and moderate-income communities recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and invest in long-term prosperity. This infusion of funding can help CDFIs scale further “so they can help small business owners, particularly Black and Latino business owners, sustain themselves, become profitable and begin to create intergenerational wealth,” Ryan said. 

Tapping into government resources for technical assistance

Black former entrepreneurs more frequently cited business operations challenges, such as navigating government regulations and maintaining business licenses, as a reason for business closure, according to Prosperity Now’s survey. This finding underscores how crucial it is for entrepreneurs of color to get the technical assistance they need. 

“From the big-picture perspective, technical assistance and access to capital are absolutely necessary for a small business to succeed. But what are the hurdles to addressing that?” Ryan said.

One welcome development is the decision in 2021 by Congress to codify the Minority Business Development Administration (MBDA) within the Department of Commerce to make it permanent, he said. The MBDA is the only federal agency solely dedicated to the growth and global competitiveness of minority business enterprises. It invests in a national network of MBDA business centers, specialty centers, and grantees, offering customized business development and industry-focused services to provide greater access to capital, contracts and markets.

The Congressional vote to codify this Nixon-era agency matters because “it gives it more heft and, frankly, more of the certainty that businesses and other investors would rely on,” Ryan said. "For example, if you're getting assistance from the MBDA and you are looking for outside investors, it gives investors the confidence that you're going to have the support in the long run because this is now a statutory organization.”

In August, the MBDA announced the Capital Readiness Program, a $125 million technical assistance program to help minority and other underserved entrepreneurs grow and scale their businesses.

“That’s not a lot of money in a $25 trillion economy but it is a lot of money if it is targeted the right way,” Ryan said. “If you couple that with what the MBDA is doing with the business centers, which are effectively incubators, we could really make some progress.”

Strengthening networks can fill critical gap in support

Another key finding was a critical gap in community and professional support that led to business closures among former minority entrepreneurs. Community support deficits led to business closure for 97 percent of Hispanic and 73 percent of Black former business owners, compared to 67 percent of white former entrepreneurs. This illuminates the third structural area to address: strengthening professional networks and other forms of support.

Black and Hispanic entrepreneurs more frequently reported a lack of family support and a lack of access to professional guidance and role models as a reason they had to close their business.

For Ryan, the other two structural gaps — access to capital and technical assistance from either the government or other entities — are tied to this lack of community support. 

“If you have a local network within your field or industry, you're more likely to be able to navigate not just the access to capital, but also the technical assistance offered through more formal networks such as local business incubators that could help reduce costs for office or other real estate space, for example,” Ryan said. “Our report shows that when you don't have those resources or those networks to fall back on, it does make those businesses less likely to succeed.”

This support — while undeniably helpful if it comes from professional networks, family or community support — must ultimately come from the government to have an impact at scale, Ryan said.

“Government at all levels has to do a better job in reaching out to underserved communities with the resources they have available — from small business lending, to technical assistance, to incubators, to tax credits, to tax filing assistance, to licensure and much more,” he explained. “We need to take away some of the roadblocks to build out people’s ability to succeed.”

Indeed, when businesses owned by Black and Hispanic entrepreneurs fail, can’t get off the ground, or underperform, it doesn’t just exacerbate the racial wealth gap, but it also has an outsized impact on the U.S. economy. If privately-held, Black-owned businesses had the same revenue averages as white-owned firms, it would pump another $200 billion into the economy, according to a 2020 study by the global management consulting firm McKinsey & Co.

Human activities affect the Earth’s natural means to cope with the climate crisis. We can start solving that now by fostering nature's ability to sequester carbon, experts said at the COP28 climate talks this week. 

“We are losing resilience in the whole capacity of the planet to buffer the stress caused by the climate crisis,” Johan Rockström, scientist and director at Potsdam Institute for Climate Change, said at the talks. “We are moving very rapidly toward the 1.5 degree Celsius limit. The only way to avoid it is with an enormous effort by nature.”

Featured in the 2023 Time 100 list, Rockström invented the “planetary boundaries” framework to evaluate systems that regulate Earth as a livable planet. Each system has a designated boundary that we cannot afford to cross if we want to  maintain the stability of the planet’s ecosystems.


“We've done scientific studies that show about one-third [of the needed] reduction in greenhouse gases can be driven by nature-based solutions,” said Elizabeth Gray, CEO of the National Audubon Society, one of the world’s oldest nonprofit environmental organizations dedicated to the conservation of birds and their habitats. 

Nature-based solutions refer to ways that nature's own processes can be harnessed to mitigate the effects of climate change, whilst supporting biodiversity and enhancing human livelihoods. They include practices such as planting trees, regenerative agriculture, agroforestry and community forest management.

The Rainforest Alliance is another organization heavily advocating for nature-based solutions at COP28 and highlighting its prior work in this area to illustrate nature’s vast potential. For example, Ghana’s Sui River landscape — one of West Africa’s prominent cocoa-growing areas that spans 244,000 hectares and includes five forest reserves — is struggling with deforestation and increased outbreaks of pests and diseases caused by climate change. Rainforest Alliance teamed up with the agri-business Olam and the investment program Partnership for Forests in 2018 to support local communities in setting up legally registered Landscape Management Boards to implement nature-based solutions to these local problems.  

“Through these boards in Ghana, 2,600 farmers have been trained in nature-based techniques like water management, soil conservation and shade-tree management, leading to 4,000 farmers adopting the techniques and reporting improved productivity as a result,” Leila Yassine, global advocacy manager at the Rainforest Alliance, said at COP28. “They also initiated the planting of over 200,000 shade- tree seedlings to protect against the adverse effects of climate change.”

Nature’s strength has kept the Earth alive

Our oceans, plants and animals have absorbed 56 percent of man-made carbon dioxide emissions in the past decade, saving us from severe levels of warming, according to the most recent assessment from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). “This is the largest subsidy to the world’s economy,” Rockström said. "If it hadn’t been for this nature’s existence, we would already have passed 1.5 degree Celsius today.”

Nature-based solutions not only reinforce climate resilience by restoring natural habitats and mitigating emissions, but they also aid carbon capture. If adopted on a large scale, they could deliver 37 percent of the climate change mitigation required by 2030 to prevent a dangerous increase in global temperatures and achieve the targeted 1.5 degrees Celsius warming limit of the Paris Agreement. Such nature-based solutions could also save $104 billion in adaptation costs by 2030 and $393 billion by 2050. 

Nevertheless, there will be a period between 2030 and 2035 where we will overshoot 1.5 degree Celsius, and the only way to come back would be to decarbonize the global energy system and also to invest in nature, Rockström said.

Restoring and protecting forests and oceans will put us on track

Oceans are the lungs of our planet and also the biggest carbon sink. They generate 50 percent of the oxygen we need, absorb 25 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions and capture 90 percent of the excess heat that is trapped by these emissions. As such, the ocean is central to helping us fight climate change. 


After the oceans, forests are the largest storehouses of carbon. They absorb greenhouse gas from the air and store it above and below ground.

A recent global assessment of the carbon capture potential of forests shows that natural forests, outside of urban and agricultural areas, could capture 226 gigatons of carbon if they recovered from degradation and deforestation. That’s equivalent to approximately 23 years of human emissions.

Financing nature-based solutions must be top priority

To achieve those reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the global community will need to invest $384 billion per year in nature-based solutions by 2025, according to the Rainforest Alliance. Less than half that is invested today.

“There’s an urgent need for increased financial backing for nature-based solutions,” said Yassine of the Rainforest Alliance. 

If the world is to meet its climate, biodiversity and land degradation targets, investment in nature-based solutions must at least triple by 2030 and increase fourfold by 2050, advocates say.

Recognizing this need, on Sunday countries, foundations and development banks committed to deliver $1.7 billion in finance to meet climate and biodiversity goals. That includes a $100 million commitment from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with an initial $30 million investment in the Ghanaian government’s new Resilient Ghana plan that combines development and nature-positive action.


Other partnerships in the initiative will help to develop anti-deforestation plans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Papua New Guinea, the Republic of Congo, and Ghana and mobilize private-sector financing for nature-based projects.

“Currently, only 8 percent of the global finance to tackle climate is going to nature-based solutions, yet the solution it is capable of solving over 30 percent of the problem,” said Gray from Audubon. “Financing is a huge issue.”

Funding is a start, but it is not enough. To achieve the full potential of nature to tackle climate change, nature-based solutions must be part of the climate policies drafted by leaders at COP28, leaders said.  

“During this COP, nature-based solutions are still not getting the attention they deserve,” said Harisoa Rakotondrazafy, coordinator for the WWF’s Africa Adaptation Hub. “We need to make sure nature-based solutions are valued in addressing climate change impacts. They need to start being a part of the COP agenda because they form a crucial part of global climate adaptation solutions that will bring benefits to communities.”

Indigenous peoples must be given resources to continue protecting the environment

Part of embedding nature into climate policy means listening to the people who interact with — and protect — nature the most. In particular, Indigenous Peoples make up less than 5 percent of the global population but protect more than 80 percent of its biodiversity. As custodians of nature, it is critical to support their seat at the table when discussing climate solutions and to provide them with resources to support their climate actions.

Alongside Rockström, elders from the seven Indigenous socio-cultural regions as defined by the United Nations spoke at the World Climate Action Summit at COP28 to frame the urgency behind restoring the powers of Mother Nature to help combat the climate crisis before us. 

“Local communities, Indigenous Peoples, and smallholder farmers play a vital role in climate action, particularly in critical forest ecosystems and agricultural landscapes,” Yassine said. "They understand the realities on the ground and can tailor solutions to their specific local economic, ecological, and social contexts and the unique climate risks they face.” 

World leaders including Brazil’s president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, say knowledge from these communities will be a key focus of the COP28-to-COP30 partnership between tee UAE and Brazil. Brazil will host the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém do Pará in 2025.

In a call-to-action for world leaders, Norway’s Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre added: “Don’t count on nature to solve the climate crisis but take care of nature and it will solve it.”
 

The use of negative terms that incite anger is proven to draw clicks and traffic for news stories, research shows. Sometimes referred to as "rage-baiting," negative and controversial headlines are amplified by social media algorithms and activate threat responses in our brains that naturally drive us to pay more attention. And there's no shortage of headlines like these when it comes to coverage of the COP28 global climate talks, which kicked off in Dubai last week.

"Al Jaber's no good, very bad week," reads a newsletter headline from the Guardian, referring to Sultan Al Jaber, the president of COP28 who also serves as CEO of the United Arab Emirates' state-owned oil company and chairman of its national renewable energy firm. "What do you expect when an oil executive runs the climate talks?" asked an op/ed headline on CNN. Another from Politico reads simply, "COP Out." 

Albeit sensationalized, this reporting is fully accurate. A recent analysis indicates more fossil fuel lobbyists are present at COP28 than any of the talks before it. Another shows more than 80 percent of corporate advocacy on carbon capture and storage is out of line with climate science. The corporate watchdog InfluenceMap even published a "fossil fuel narratives fact-checker" to bust common lies, myths and misrepresentations put forward by the industry at COP28.

But beyond making people aware that the fossil fuel industry is up to its old tricks, something many implicitly know, how is this coverage helping us? How is it getting climate finance to vulnerable countries, passing the mic to impacted people, or moving the world any closer to reducing greenhouse gas emissions? 

One could certainly argue that it's not a journalist's job to do any of those things, only to expose the truth and tell people what's happening. But what we decide to cover matters. If all readers see are news stories about how much of a failure COP28 is when it's barely started, that's the impression they'll be left with — and that's not a complete picture, nor does it reflect the tireless efforts of millions of people around the world to counter climate change. 

It may not even result in the collective outrage and push for action some would expect, as studies show that continued exposure to negative news coverage may actually desensitize us to unethical behavior. 

In our solutions journalism coverage of COP28, we're hoping to do things a bit differently. While solutions journalism doesn't mean putting our heads in the sand or covering only the positive, it looks to establish a new normal in which solutions to challenges are also newsworthy — even if they're not as inflammatory as something that engages anger. 

This is purely subjective opinion, but the way I see it is: Yes, the fossil fuel industry has done untold damage to the earth and the people who live here, and evidence suggests they'll continue to do it if we let them, but we also have a finite amount of time to do something about a threat that could decimate humankind as we know it. The time we spend talking about what's gone wrong should be reserved for impacted communities seeking justice, and the rest of us should ask ourselves some questions. Do we want to spend the time we have left talking about who the bad guys are, or do we want to lift up (and learn from) what is actually proven effective for the crisis we face? 

We as writers can jockey for position on who has the most clever prose to indict [insert bad actor here], but couldn't we channel our collective brilliance toward something that is more productive? 

Stories of the people and communities acting today to address climate change are languishing on the vine and left on the cutting room floor in favor of what's deemed more "important," more "newsworthy" or more likely to drive traffic. 

As a result, around 70 percent of Americans say coverage of climate change makes them feel sad, while only half say it makes them want to take action and 38 percent say it makes them optimistic we can address the problem, according to October research from Pew.

Some newsrooms are beginning to push for change in partnership with Covering Climate Now and the Solutions Journalism Network, a nonprofit dedicated to advancing solutions coverage.

Over the past year, nine news outlets including Grist, The Sacramento Bee and The Washington Informer moved to fully integrate solutions reporting into their coverage of climate change under a program called Climate Beacon. Resulting stories highlight how Washington’s cap-and-invest system raised $300 million from polluters to fund climate programs, ways farmers can protect pollinators from climate disruption, and how Colorado is navigating challenges to deploy federal funds to expand clean energy. 

These stories aren't breaking news. They represent long slogs that unfold for months or even years outside of the mainstream public eye. They don't bleed, so in many newsrooms, they don't lead. But they could, and that shift could begin to transform public perception of our ability to move the needle on climate change, as research indicates that solutions coverage leaves people feeling more energized and motivated to take action.

Make no mistake, we are nowhere near where we need to be in order to cap global temperature rise at 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, which climate scientists agree is a crucial tipping point. The way we're going, experts estimate the world will cross the 1.5-degree threshold by the 2030s or sooner. The ongoing denial and delay tactics perpetuated by the fossil fuel industry got us there. And that has continued at this COP, including the push to water down COP28 policy language around a global "phaseout" of fossil fuels to a more loosely worded "phase down" or no mention of fossil energy at all. 

But if we only tell the story of fossil fuel companies, their executives and their decades-long legacy of environmental destruction, we leave little space to tell the story of those who are impacted by that destruction — and those who are pushing back against it. 

In our coverage of COP28, we'll touch on smallholder farmers using nature-based techniques that allow soils to absorb more carbon, we'll explore how Indigenous wisdoms can inform climate policy, and we'll speak with some of the policymakers, scientists, advocates and business leaders who are pushing for a decisive outcome around a fossil fuel phaseout. 

The Solutions Journalism Network will begin accepting applications for a second round of Climate Beacon newsrooms later this month, and as we continue to develop our own solutions reporting of climate change and the other issues core to the sustainability and social impact space, we at TriplePundit will be watching closely. We encourage our community of readers to share your feedback about our new approach with us here. 

Corporate action on climate change and other social and environmental issues has become a political football in the U.S. The term ESG in particular, which refers to corporate environmental, social and governance principles, is now a flashpoint for many critics. In response, some corporate leaders have stopped referring directly to ESG principles, but that doesn't mean they've stopped acting on them.

ESG by any other name

Anti-ESG rhetoric became a familiar fixture on the U.S. political scene over the past two years. It’s often mixed with racially tinged references to “woke capitalism,” and it is also linked to new state legislation aimed at protecting fossil fuel interests.

The law firm K&L Gates is among those tracking the spread of ESG-related legislation in the U.S. It identified 22 states adopting some form of “anti-ESG” laws, many within the 2023 legislative session.

The negative attention has prompted a change in the way that some firms discuss ESG goals and principles. One high-profile example is Larry Fink, CEO of the leading investment firm BlackRock. Speaking at the Aspen Ideas Festival in June, Fink cited politicization as the reason he stopped using the term ESG, though he said BlackRock hasn't changed its stance on ESG issues, Reuters reported.

Other experts in the field agree. The controversy over ESG is “clearly a theme in media and politics,” said Marjella Lecourt-Alma, CEO and co-founder of London-based Datamaran, an ESG platform powered by artificial intelligence. “But when we talk to our corporate clients in the U.S., it’s not really an issue. Some of them say they watch their words a little bit, but in terms of ESG risks and opportunities, we talk about biodiversity, climate risk, human rights, supply chain — then all of a sudden you are talking about business.”

Economies already lose hundreds of billions of dollars each year to natural disasters and other weather-related impacts that are worsened by climate change. Couple that with trillions in losses tied to economic inequality, and external issues become business risks that are difficult to ignore. “What is most important to the business remains the key driver,” Lecourt-Alma said. “Business leaders realize there are things happening outside of their business that are impacting their business, and they need to step up and internalize it.”

That tracks with a recent Bloomberg survey involving 300 of its terminal users. “Bankers, money managers and other financial market participants are starting to loathe the label ‘ESG’ — but they’re also sticking with the strategy,” the outlet reported in August.

Actions speak louder with a public-private climate lab in New York

In this context, the New York Climate Exchange is a powerful example of how businesses can take meaningful action on climate change, regardless of political headwinds.

The Exchange was formally announced in April as a new institution tasked with developing climate solutions. The effort is spearheaded by Stony Brook University, the flagship research institution of the State University of New York, in partnership with IBM, and its collaborative model engages businesses, academic institutions and governments.

Joining IBM as a core corporate partner is the global firm Boston Consulting Group. Moody’s also signed on as an affiliate partner, and the Stockholm-based sustainable development firm Urban Systems is participating in an advisory capacity. The New York City business community is also represented by the Chambers of Commerce from the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.

A combined $150 million pledge from Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Simons Foundation will go toward setting up the Exchange in a new $700 million facility on Governor’s Island in New York City, expected to open in 2028.

The Exchange “will be a first-of-its kind international center for developing and deploying dynamic solutions to our global climate crisis, while also acting as a hub for New Yorkers to benefit from the rapidly evolving green economy," Stony Brook's website reads. 

IBM will work with the university on job training and climate research programs at the Exchange. That includes a planned Sustainability Accelerator for social impact programs focused on the application of IBM technologies to help people who are vulnerable to climate impacts and other environmental threats.

The push to make New York City a "living laboratory" for global climate solutions

In another early indication of the potential for the Exchange, the prominent climate policy and finance expert Stephen Hammer was named as the founding CEO of the new institution in November.

Stony Brook expects the Exchange to reflect and amplify Hammer’s 10-year experience as a senior policy advisor on urban-scale climate solutions at the World Bank, where he is credited with an instrumental role in incorporating climate change into the bank’s lending practices.

“The Exchange is not just another institute — it’s part think tank, part do-tank — serving as a training ground for the climate leaders of tomorrow and an incubator for technology and market entrepreneurs,” Hammer said in a press statement. “It’s meant to innovate and have an impact, to defend science, and to make New York City a living laboratory for international solutions."

Next steps for high impact 

Through Stony Brook and other high-profile partners including Brookhaven National Laboratory, Georgia Tech and Oxford University, the Exchange could contribute to a positive snowball effect. “There are a lot of businesses today that are starting to benefit from new innovations around clean energy and water technology,” said Lecourt-Alma of Datamaran. “They get funding, and they become the new industry leaders.”

As for the future of ESG, that depends partly on the ability of businesses to fill their ESG staff positions. Taking note of the ongoing ESG skills gap, Lecourt-Alma advocates for a strategic, data-driven approach. Software that leverages artificial intelligence, such as Datamaran's own offering, can reduce work time while allowing companies to clearly track their progress, plan their actions, and establish governance mechanisms to hold leadership accountable, she said. 

Business leaders need to ask themselves key questions including how the company is organized, who is in charge, and how it internalizes ESG principles, Lecourt-Alma advised. “The smart way to ESG starts with governance, not compliance,” she said.

Central to the climate challenge is the urgent need to address the role of the oil industry and its rising emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate pollutants. The global COP28 climate talks are a key moment for the oil sector to reassess its trajectory and acknowledge that a transition to cleaner energy sources is not just desirable but a financial and economic imperative — and that ultimately a zero emissions future is one that requires a phaseout of unabated fossil fuels.

The industry needs to demonstrate ambition on two fronts: it needs to decarbonize its own operations on a rapid timescale, and it also needs to reckon with the unavoidable truth that, ultimately, it is the burning of fossil fuels that is driving the climate crisis.  

Many of the world's biggest oil companies took a step forward in responding to this call with a pledge at the start of COP to reduce methane emissions to near zero by 2030. This is an important step that represents a positive move by the industry toward a larger transition strategy. Still, while slashing methane, a potent greenhouse gas that significantly speeds up global warming, is a necessary move, it only addresses a fraction of the risk the economy and planet faces. Oil and gas companies have to do much more.

There is a particular need to see national oil companies (NOCs) step up their leadership. While these state-controlled companies often get less attention than the ExxonMobils of the world, they produce the majority of the world’s oil, as well as outsized amounts of pollution. The leakiest NOCs can release methane at 100 times the rate of a well-performing investor-owned oil company. 

Additionally, fossil fuel producers must set science-aligned, net-zero targets. This means, at a minimum, zeroing out emissions from their direct operations on a short-time horizon — well before 2030. A 2023 report from the International Energy Agency outlines cost-effective strategies the industry can take to zero out methane emissions, from replacing old equipment to better detection of leaks. They should also develop and, in the interest of transparency, publish comprehensive transition plans outlining short- and long-term steps to decarbonize business operations, products and services.

As part of these transition plans, companies need to include increasing capital expenditures to invest in technologies like clean energy to the point that it represents a majority of what they spend. These commitments, which Ceres advocates for across six of the highest-emitting sectors, are vital to halving greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and propelling us toward a net-zero global energy economy.  

At COP28, hundreds of institutional investors and major companies are calling for change in the oil and gas industry. More than 600 investors with more than $42 trillion in assets under management have called for policies to support a phaseout of fossil fuels. More than 200 companies, collectively generating more than $1.5 trillion in global annual revenue, also came out in support of a fossil fuel phaseout and a faster transition to clean energy. 

This united front of investors and companies underscores the wide-ranging support for an impactful agreement at COP28. They're advocating not only for the phased elimination of fossil fuel usage in line with the push to cap global temperature rise at 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, but also for ambitious targets to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy-efficiency rates by 2030. 

Recent events also underscore the urgency of increased climate action. COP28 kicked off shortly after the release of a new National Climate Assessment, which found that the U.S. alone has experienced a staggering increase in billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, costing at least $150 billion annually. With global emissions and temperatures rising, these figures will only climb, further negatively impacting economic growth and compounding societal costs.  

The United Nations' first global stocktake report, released in September, also illustrates a stark reality that the world is off track to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. 

COP28 comes as a moment of profound reckoning and potential transformation awaits us on the global stage. In the pursuit of a net-zero economy and world, the oil industry's commitment to this urgent clarion call from investors will be a barometer for the success of COP28 and our collective ability to confront the climate crisis.  

It's that time of year again! From our favorite sustainable and socially conscious brands to advice on buying used and shopping local, we love sharing our top picks for sustainable holiday gifts with our community every year. Read on for our 2023 favorites, which can all ship in time for the holidays. 

Consider buying used for the most sustainable holiday gifts

We love learning more about socially conscious brands and the impact they have around the world, but at the end of the day, the most sustainable holiday gifts you can find are items that already exist and may otherwise go to waste. And before you get hung up on giving your loved ones a dusty item from a thrift store shelf, more than 90 percent of Americans say they'd be open to receiving a secondhand gift for the holidays, according to 2022 polling from Morning Consult and the online secondhand retailer Poshmark. 

And for good reason: Thrift stores are bursting at the seams with lightly-used items that are ready for a second life, and a growing collection of retailers now host their own resale shops featuring pre-owned items that are still of high quality. Head to REI and Patagonia for outdoor gear or brands like The North Face and Eileen Fisher for clothing and outerwear worthy of a second life. Check out more of our favorite re-commerce shops here for sustainable holiday gifts that reduce waste. 

Shop locally for sustainable holiday gifts that support small businesses near you

Small businesses are the lifeblood of our cities and towns, and many are still struggling to build back from the pandemic. Your patronage this holiday season can help your favorite mom-and-pops stay open into the new year and beyond — making local wares some of the most sustainable holiday gifts out there.

Standby apps like Google Maps and Yelp can help you find small businesses in your community that could use your support, and a growing number of apps and websites also catalog small businesses owned by women and minority entrepreneurs — which were among the hardest hit during the pandemic. Check out We Buy Black and EatOkra to discover local Black-owned businesses, Sol-Latino for finding Latino-owned businesses, the Pride App for finding LGBTQ-owned businesses, and Oya to find women-owned businesses. 

Bag with many possibilities from Catalina Straps

Catalina Straps is all about bringing to the beauty of Indigenous artistry to the global marketplace. Its premium leather bags are handmade by women artists in Bogota, Colombia. They're designed to be mixed and matched with the brand's patterned straps, made by women artisans from the Wayuu community on Colombia's Caribbean coast, to suit any mood and outfit. You can also find colorful straps for carrying yoga mats and reusable water bottles for hands-free errands with a socially conscious twist. 

Along with paying fair wages for its artisans wares, Catalina Straps donates a portion of each purchase to fund local initiatives established by the Wayuu community. The brand is also part of the TriplePundit family: Founder Catalina Tellez Hopkins is married to our colleague David Hopkins, VP of strategic partnerships for TriplePundit's parent company 3BL. 

"Every Catalina Strap purchase contributes to social and environmental causes. We proudly give back by dedicating 10 percent of each purchase to the Wayuu community, the talented artisans who breathe life into our straps," Tellez Hopkins says. "Join us in making a meaningful impact — one stylish adventure at a time.”

Price: Starting at $97

A cookbook that supports humanitarian relief from World Central Kitchen

Michelin-starred chef José Andrés founded World Central Kitchen after the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti to bring chefs and volunteers together to provide meals immediately following natural disasters and other crises. 

The nonprofit has moved swiftly to the epicenter of virtually every major disaster since — most recently responding to Hurricane Otis in Acapulco, Mexico, and another deadly earthquake in Afghanistan. It's also on the ground with partners to provide food in both Israel and Gaza and has become the largest food relief organization in war-torn Ukraine. 

The World Central Kitchen Cookbook includes a collection of stories and recipes that reflect the many places the nonprofit has cooked around the world. Famous chefs and local cooks discuss their experiences with humanitarian relief through food, while sharing some of the recipes they served to bring warmth to people in crisis. Some celebrity friends of the nonprofit contributed as well — think: a breakfast taco recipe from former U.S. first lady Michelle Obama and a foreword from "The Late Show" host Stephen Colbert. All profits from sale of the cookbook will go to support World Central Kitchen. 

Price: $35

Explorer hemp sneakers from 8000Kicks

8000Kicks makes sneakers, backpacks, and accessories for men and women using unconventional materials that cut down on environmental impact and make great sustainable holiday gifts. The company also pays a living wage and posts the salary it pays manufacturing workers on its website.  

These Explorer sneakers are made from hemp fibers, with a sole made from materials derived from algae blooms. The waterproof sneakers are billed as both durable and comfortable, and they earned the stamp of approval from outdoor-lover and TriplePundit editorial assistant Taylor Haelterman. "Coming from someone who loves a good sneaker, these are very comfortable," she said. "I've actually been rocking them most times I leave the house." 

Price: $129 for women and men

Gratitude gift set from Prosperity Candle

Show appreciation for loved ones, friends and colleagues while supporting employment for women artisans with this gift set from Prosperity Candle. It includes one of the brand's signature hand-poured soy candles scented with essential oils rather than synthetic fragrances, along with a fair trade chocolate bar from Divine Chocolate. In a thoughtful touch, this is also a gift that keeps on giving, with a set of gratitude cards featuring quotes on the front and space for notes on the back, so your recipient can also show those close to them that they're appreciated. 

Prosperity's candles are made by women artisans who are building new lives in the U.S. after living as refugees. The company also offers tips for cleaning and reusing candle jars after the scent is used up, giving these sustainable holiday gifts a second or third life long after the new year. 

Price: $42

Infinite palette from Cheekbone Beauty

Cheekbone Beauty was founded with inclusion and sustainability at the center. Inspired by founder Jenn Harper's Anishinaabe roots, the brand features Indigenous women and other women of color prominently across its marketing and looks toward Indigenous wisdoms to reduce the environmental impact of its vegan and cruelty-free cosmetics line.  

A portion of all sale proceeds are donated to support education for Indigenous youth, and the upstart brand has donated more than $150,000 to various causes since its founding in 2015. “I really wanted to create a brand that highlighted Indigenous faces and gave back to the community,” Harper told TriplePundit's Amy Brown back in April. 

This magnetic face palette in particular speaks to the brand's push to create more sustainable products. The formulas feature one of Cheekbone's hero sustainability ingredients — cornstarch from organic farming used in place of talc. And when shades are used up, they can be easily replaced with refills at $7 each. The palette includes bronzer, highlighter, blush and contour shades that are meant to flatter a range of skin tons. 

Price: $57

Sunglasses made of hard-to-recycle plastics from Without 

You'd never know it, but these wayfarer-inspired shades are made from recycled plastic packaging. In particular, they're made from flexible plastics that are notoriously difficult — and in most markets, impossible — to recycle. Due to its low weight, low cost and high functionality, flexible plastic is used to package almost everything — from bags of snacks or sweets to fresh produce, personal care products, electronic and more. 

Founded by Anish Malpani — brother of 3p contributor Abha Malpani Naismith — the India-based social enterprise Ashaya is on a mission to capture this packaging and put it to a meaningful second use. Ashaya pays waste-pickers a premium for flexible plastic, allowing them to earn a living wage, and uses a patent-pending technology to break the material down for second use. 

These chic unisex sunglasses are the company's first proof-of-concept product, sold through its new brand Without. Each pair of sunglasses is made from the equivalent of five chip packets, according to Ashaya, making them a unique option for sustainable holiday gifts that reduce waste and provide social opportunity. 

Price: Now on sale for $19.17 (usually $42)

Hiking and running socks from Darn Tough

Socks may not be the most exciting stocking-stuffer for everyone, but for those who brave the elements to spend time outdoors all year round, the right pair of socks can be downright life-changing.

Just ask our colleague Margie Kuchinski, director of brand and marketing for 3BL, who sported Darn Tough's hiking socks while summiting the 115 highest peaks in the U.S. Northeast. "Darn Tough’s socks have been my go-to hiking socks for many years. The durability and comfort are unrivaled," she says. "Perhaps the best testament to their quality is the fact that I haven't had to purchase a new pair of socks in almost seven years." 

Darn Tough says its made-in-Vermont socks are "unconditionally guaranteed for life," and it posts detailed information about each material it uses on its website. "If you’re looking for socks that will last you for hundreds of miles and a company that is committed to keeping textiles out of the landfill, look no further," Kuchinski says. 

Running socks start at $18 for women and men

Hiking socks start at $25 for women and men and $18 for kids

Throw blanket from Peanuts x Parks Project 

Those obsessed with all things "Peanuts" may remember that Snoopy the dog was a heck of an outdoor fan who loved camping and leading the fictional Beagle Scouts. So, it makes sense that the iconic creation of American cartoonist Charles Schulz would be raising funds to support public lands this holiday season. 

Parks Project is a social enterprise that works with U.S. National Parks to support projects like wildlife conservation, research and educational youth experiences, donating more than $2.5 million since 2014. This throw in particular is made from organic cotton and is perfect for indoor or outdoor use. You'll also find a bunch of other cool sustainable holiday gifts like puzzles, scented candles and a seasonal calendar featuring the work of up-and-coming artists in Parks Project's shop. 

Price: $110

QWNN solar lantern and phone charging bank from Solight Design 

Finally, a way to charge your phone with the sun that doesn't look straight out of a sci-fi film. The unique origami design makes this solar lantern and phone charger both eye-catching and easy to fold up and carry. It looks nice against a window for home solar charging and is also perfect for camping, trekking and time outdoors. With 10 hours of sunlight, it can provide up to 150 hours of light from the lamp and up to two full charges on a smartphone. 

Price: Now on sale for $77 (usually $110)

Adopt a gentoo penguin with WWF

WWF's symbolic animal adoptions support its work to conserve wildlife and natural ecosystems globally. This cheerful gentoo penguin adoption kit comes with a plush toy that's perfect for the kids on your list, as well as a gift bag, adoption certificate and more information about the gentoo's life in the sub-Antarctic islands. WWF's shop also includes handmade items for kids and babies, as well as apparel, housewares and other sustainable holiday gifts that go to support its mission. The organization earned four stars on Charity Navigator for transparency and efficient use of funds to support animal conservation and welfare. 

Price: $60

Heirloom vegetable seed set from Southern Seeds

Those who love getting their hands dirty in the garden will appreciate this collection of tasty, nutritious heirloom varieties from the veteran-owned business Southern Seeds. Founded by a Florida couple inspired by their grandmothers' experience in the garden, Southern Seeds focuses on U.S.-grown, heirloom and non-GMO seeds, with more than 600 varieties available. This set includes kitchen mainstays like onion, carrots and celery, with a colorful heirloom twist, along with treats like asparagus, snap peas and okra for adventurous cooks and gardeners alike. 

Price: Now on sale for $24.99 (usually $49.99)

Ecotrek trail shorts from LIVSN

Founded in 2018, outdoor gear brand LIVSN is all about durability and material innovation. Its Ecotrek trail shorts are made mostly from ocean waste, with the majority sourced from retired buoys (who'd have thought?).

The shorts are meant to be moisture-wicking and breathable in hot weather, and our staff found they held up nicely on our treks. "I wore them on a few hikes this fall and really enjoyed them," says 3p editorial assistant Taylor Haelterman. "It was great to have more pockets than I needed for once. They held up well without pilling or ripping and overall seem of great quality." 

The company also offers a repair program to extend the life of all the gear it sells, and you can buy and sell used LIVSN items online via its resale shop for sustainable holiday gifts with an even lighter footprint on the planet. 

Price: $89 for women and men

Handmade double hanging basket from Korissa

You guys, did you know storing many popular produce items in the refrigerator can affect their flavor and even make them spoil faster? This pretty and functional hanging basket provides a happy home for produce as well as potted plants, and it helps support a living wage for artisans in Bangladesh. Founded by women entrepreneurs, Korissa brings the natural fibers, weaving techniques and unique patterns of Bangladesh to a variety of home and garden products, from baskets and planters to tableware and handbags, that make for unique sustainable holiday gifts.

Price: $62

Spice trio from Diaspora Co.

Diaspora Co. sources single-origin spices from 150 farms across India and Sri Lanka. The AAPI- and LGBTQ-owned brand pays farmers an average six times above the commodity price for their spices, far beyond the 15 percent premium typically paid for fair trade spices, founder Sana Javeri Kadri wrote on the company's website. 

Kadri founded Diaspora Co. at only 23 years old with a mission to help farmers share in the profit from their spices and get those spices from field to market faster, so they're fresher and tastier for use in kitchens worldwide. It now sells 30 varieties, and this trio includes the most popular — flavorful Aranya black pepper, smoky Sirārakhong Hāthei chilies and bright Pragati turmeric — or you can also build your own set from any of the spice varieties available. 

Price: $31

Holiday sock monkey from iHeartDogs

With a friendly face and soft feel, this plush toy is perfect for four-legged friends. Even better: iHeartDogs donates food, toys, veterinary services and other essentials to animal shelters for every product purchased. The brand also offers rope toys for tougher chewers, as well as beds, treats and other pet essentials that give back for sustainable holiday gifts for every furry friend on your list. 

Price: Now on sale for $7.98 (usually $14.99)

Plastic-free tote from Aya Paper Co.

As the name implies, Aya Paper Co. focuses primarily on greeting cards, journals and other stationary, but this fun catch-all tote is one of our favorites from the Black-owned brand. Made from recycled cotton, it's large enough to fit your laptop or beach essentials yet sturdy enough to withstand all those trips to the grocery store. Founder SaVonne Anderson expresses her background as an environmental justice advocate not only through the sustainable materials at Aya, but also through investments in environmental education in Black communities. 

Price: $20 or bundle it with other Aya best-sellers for $40

Holiday treats that support stable employment from Homeboy Industries and Greyston Bakery

If treats are your go-to gift around the holidays, consider swapping your standby cookie tins and candy towers for one of TriplePundit's favorite socially conscious brands. Homeboy Industries and Greyston Bakery in particular push out tasty treats to rave reviews, while providing stable employment for people who otherwise struggle to find it — for sweet and sustainable holiday gifts that come with a side of upward mobility. 

Under the motto "jobs not jails," Homeboy Industries offers employment programming, education, and other services to people leaving prison, with a focus on former gang members. Having served well over 100,000 people in its home city of Los Angeles since 1988, it now powers the Global Homeboy Network of more than 400 organizations committed to giving formerly incarcerated people a second chance. Along with a bakery turning out sweet treats to Angelinos and fans across the U.S., Homeboy operates nearly a dozen social enterprises across Los Angeles, including a cafe, catering business and farmers market, all staffed by formerly incarcerated people. 

As a pioneer of the "open hiring" model, Greyston Bakery takes another approach to bringing equal employment to the community. Having built its team without interviews, job applications or background checks, Greyston is now primarily staffed by people with criminal justice histories, as well as those experiencing homelessness, substance abuse issues or who, for whatever reason, have trouble finding steady work. The company famously says, "We don't hire people to bake brownies, we bake brownies to hire people." Yet its cult favorite brownies are tasty enough to make an appearance in Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavors like Half Baked, so you know they're legit enough for your holiday gifting. 

Homeboy Industries bundles starting at $28.95

Greyston Bakery bundles starting at $31.50

As the world transitions toward renewable energy sources, the demand for minerals important in developing those technologies is surging. Minimizing the negative social and environmental impacts of mining, while maximizing the positive benefits of renewable technologies, is a difficult yet critical balancing act. Finding harmonious solutions to this dilemma is the focus of TriplePundit's series on responsible mining in the energy transition. 

The World Bank’s private lending institution, the International Finance Corporation, invested $14.4 million in the Canadian mining company Eco Oro Minerals Corp. from 2009 to 2010. The company was poised to develop a gold mine in Colombia’s Santander region in the high-altitude wetlands known as the páramo. 

The páramo regions in Colombia provide the country with 70 percent of its drinking water. Locals had major concerns about the protection of those water sources, particularly from cyanide pollution, as gold mining operations and large cyanide spills have led to environmental disasters in Romania, Mexico, Argentina and Turkey. Nonetheless, the mine was set for development, and it was only when a process unique to development finance institutions was invoked that the local communities, led by the organization Comité para la Defensa del Agua y del Páramo de Santurbán, were able to have their concerns addressed. 

Using the International Finance Corporation’s independent accountability mechanism, the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman, the Colombian communities were able to open an investigation into the proposed mine. The process eventually resulted in the International Finance Corporation’s divestment from the project. 

While gold is not critical to renewable energy technologies, the process of raising concerns with development finance institutions to trigger an investigation will be important for communities facing adverse impacts from mining projects to meet the needs of the low-carbon energy transition.

What are development finance institutions?

“Development finance institutions, or development banks, were created after the Second World War to assist European countries in recovery and development,” explains Carla Garcia Zendejas, director for people, land and resources at the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL). The nonprofit law organization worked with Colombian communities to file grievances against the International Finance Corporation and Eco Oro.

What makes development banks different from regular commercial banks is that they are owned by national governments and have rigid environmental and social policies. In countries where political situations or the economy are unstable, investments may be too risky for private interests, so development finance institutions step in to provide funding. There is no mandate that says funds must go to local businesses, making international companies the common recipients of development bank funding, much like the Canadian company Eco Oro in Colombia.

Development banks can be owned by a single country or a group of countries. Some of the world’s largest development banks include the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the InterAmerican Development Bank, and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.

What role do development banks play in mining projects?

Along with financing, development banks conduct environmental and social assessment processes for all projects they engage in, bringing added transparency and accountability to these projects. 

As many transition mineral deposits are located in countries where private investment carries additional risk, development banks will play an important role in bringing these critical minerals to market.

Unfortunately, the environmental and social assessments are not always thorough, and project funding can be approved with meager consultation and review. 

“Something we’ve seen as a consequence of the pandemic, unfortunately, is that a lot of the progress we had been making for proper human rights due diligence and environmental assessments went out the window when financing began getting fast-tracked,” says Garcia Zendejas. While those measures were meant to be temporary, many recent assessments were still just going through desk reviews, receiving approval without proper environmental and social due diligence, she says.

Although there are problems with mining projects and the assessment process of development banks, communities have more options when a development finance institution is involved, because it provides more avenues for seeking justice and more transparency into which actors are funding a project, Garcia Zendejas explains.

Assessment procedures vary between development banks, but because of human rights violations associated with development bank projects, all of them now have an independent accountability mechanism that allows for complaints to be raised and investigated.

Independent accountability mechanisms offer an avenue for justice

Independent accountability mechanisms are a separate arm of development banks that investigate complaints they receive from communities or organizations impacted by development projects.

For example, the accountability mechanism of the European Investment Bank is called the Complaints Mechanism.

“Our work focuses on maladministration of the [European Investment Bank]," says Omar El Sabee, acting head of the bank’s Complaints Mechanism Division. “Maladministration happens when the [bank] does not comply with its own standards and policies. Any person who feels impacted by any action of the bank can complain.”

Most development banks have strong environmental and social policies, but the question is how well those policies are implemented. The Complaints Mechanism at the European Investment Bank handles about 90 to 100 complaints per year, ranging from governance or access to information cases to complaints about the environmental and social impacts of projects. However, only a fraction of those complaints are found to be grounded.

During a compliance review, the Complaints Mechanism investigates whether the bank has correctly followed its own policies. Where appropriate, complainants may be offered the opportunity to resolve their issues through a dispute resolution process with the company running the development project.

In some cases, projects are halted or remediation is issued to impacted persons and communities as a result of an accountability mechanism process. It can be difficult to reach that stage, but when banks or companies are found to have operated with negligence, they do have to face consequences.

How accessible are independent accountability mechanisms?

Each development bank has different accountability procedures. One of the reasons why the European Investment Bank says it receives a higher number of complaints than other development banks is that its Complaint Mechanism is built to be accessible. However, there is always room for improvement.

“When complainants come to us, they think that we can immediately help them or that we can stop the project. We don’t have that power,” says Laurence Levaque, who shares the role as acting head of the bank’s Complaints Mechanism Division with El Sabee. “If we find project non-compliance, eventually our recommendations will trickle down and there will be changes on the ground, but it’s a long process.”

The recommendations that the Complaints Mechanism deliver are not legally binding, however their implementation is monitored, made public, and both the bank and the company take the recommendations very seriously.

While some independent accountability mechanisms will only accept complaints by directly impacted persons and require that multiple persons corroborate each complaint, the European Investment Bank’s process allows for anyone to raise concerns, and only one person needs to file a complaint to trigger the assessment process.

“Some accountability mechanisms also require the complainant to indicate which law or standard was breached,” El Sabee says. “For us, we don’t require complainants to be knowledgeable about our policies or standards. It’s enough that the person feels impacted, and it’s on us to analyze which policy or standard was not respected.”

As well, some mechanisms require that the complainant first raise the issue to the company leading the development project before proceeding to the development bank’s accountability mechanism. At the European Investment Bank, complainants can go straight to the Complaints Mechanism without consulting the company in charge of the project.

'Just do the right thing’ from the start

Development banks generally have strong policies to protect people and the environment from harm, but those policies need to be followed for them to be effective.

“You have the standards, just do the right thing,” says Garcia Zendejas, directing her words toward development banks. “You want to go in there and start a project? Fine, but follow all the policies that you have in place. Don’t wait for the company to say, ‘Oh no, I couldn’t do the consultation,’ or, ‘I couldn’t find the Indigenous peoples.’ Most of the banks have pretty good environmental and social governance systems. The problem is just a lack of implementation. When you fail, resulting in harm to communities, you must take responsibility and remedy the harm.”

In the case of the Eco Oro gold mine in the Colombian páramo, with the help of the Center for International Environmental Law, the community succeeded in having the International Finance Corporation divest from the project. The divestment, along with a series of events in Colombia — including a denied environmental license and court decisions confirming laws that banned mining in the páramo — halted the mine indefinitely.

Eco Oro, unhappy with that decision, then sued the Colombian government for about $700 million, citing lost profits from the blocked mine. The international arbitration tribunal eventually found Eco Oro entitled to damages in 2021, but a final decision on the amount is still being determined.

The community, however, considers it a victory. In the case of Eco Oro, they blocked the mine and forced the International Finance Corporation to divest from the project. Despite this success, they continue to face threats from new companies looking to develop mines in the same region.

While imperfect, independent accountability mechanisms serve a valuable purpose. Ideally, development banks would follow their own policies and conduct thorough assessments and consultations for every project, but at the very least, there is a process that impacted persons and communities can use to contest the validity of those assessments.

This process is only available to projects that receive funding or investment from a development finance institution, but it is a viable way to reduce the social and environmental harms of mining as the world ramps up the low-carbon energy transition.