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A surprising announcement came out this morning as President Obama concluded his visit to China where he’d been attending a conference of Pacific Rim economies. The President, along with Chinese President Xi Jinping announced an agreement for the two countries -- the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gas pollution -- to work together to limit emissions.

The agreement, which was over nine months in the making, has China committing to reach peak carbon by 2030, with emission declining after that date. The U.S., on the other hand, has agreed to a 26 to 28 percent reduction by 2025 relative to 2005. This was the first time the U.S. pledged to reduce its emissions more than the 17 percent target by 2020 first declared in 2010 in anticipation of the Copenhagen accord.

On China’s part, Xi Jinping said that clean energy sources such as solar and wind would constitute 20 percent of China’s total energy production by 2030. Nuclear power is also expected to be part of the mix. In order to meet this target, China, which is still adding a new coal plant every eight to ten days, must complete roughly 1,000 gigawatts of new clean power over the next sixteen years. That’s roughly twice the current world total for renewables.

On the American side, we need to pick up the annual pace of carbon reduction from the current percent to somewhere between 2.3 and 2.8 percent.

Although China is currently the number one carbon emitter, the U.S. is responsible for more of the carbon currently in the atmosphere than any other country.

“We have a special responsibility to lead the global effort against climate change,”said Obama at a joint news conference. “Today, I am proud we can announce a historic agreement.”

The agreement needs no Congressional ratification, though the newly Republican-controlled Congress could still try to undermine the deal.

Not surprisingly, Republicans were quick to criticize the deal. Mitch McConnell said, "Our economy can't take the President's ideological War on Coal that will increase the squeeze on middle-class families and struggling miners. This unrealistic plan, that the President would dump on his successor, would ensure higher utility rates and far fewer jobs."

John Boehner also chimed in, calling it, “…the latest example of the president's crusade against affordable, reliable energy that is already hurting jobs and squeezing middle-class families.”

These statements are disingenuous if not outright false. Numerous studies have shown that a shift to renewable energy will lead to increased jobs. While some coal-exporting states, notably Kentucky and West Virginia, could see some losses, the overall impact will be positive. As for the War on Coal, lower natural gas prices due to fracking and falling renewable prices are contributing far more to coal’s decline than any policy measure. Figures compiled by the EIA earlier this year already show the levelized cost of natural gas, wind power, geothermal and hydro significantly lower than coal with solar dropping rapidly.

Finally, both of these gentlemen are completely ignoring the paramount issue of climate change, as if not talking about it will make it go away. If only it were so. At a time when even the Defense Department is calling the issue a threat to national security, this head-in-the-sand approach is patently irresponsible.

[Image credit: sharply_done:Flickr Creative Commons]

RP Siegel, PE, is an author, inventor and consultant. He has written for numerous publications ranging from Huffington Post to Mechanical Engineering. He and Roger Saillant co-wrote the successful eco-thriller Vapor Trails. RP, who is a regular contributor to Triple Pundit and Justmeans, sees it as his mission to help articulate and clarify the problems and challenges confronting our planet at this time, as well as the steadily emerging list of proposed solutions. His uniquely combined engineering and humanities background help to bring both global perspective and analytical detail to bear on the questions at hand.

Follow RP Siegel on Twitter.

There is a saying that what gets measured gets improved. For this reason, many organizations are measuring greenhouse gas emissions. In an ideal scenario, carbon accounting is transparent, consistent, accurate, verifiable, and complete.  There are now many tools available to assist in the accounting process, including carbon accounting software and consulting firms if you want help crunching the numbers. While many organizations have a handle on the most obvious sources of emissions like business travel, energy use, and paper use, here are a few sneaky sources of emissions you might not have considered.

Primary and secondary materials in the supply chain

Although many hardware suppliers have a close relationship with their final assembly plants, there is often little to no information about the primary and secondary components that arrive there for product manufacture. “A lot of electronics components are purely commodities: circuit boards, resistors, chips, transistors, wires,” says Andrew Hutson, director of global value chain initiatives for the Environmental Defense Fund. “They can be sourced from anywhere, a couple of tiers down in the supply chain, and it’s virtually impossible for a company to know where they’re coming from.”

Supply chain transformation may be the answer, but it isn't an easy task. Starbucks achieved transparency by simplifying its supply chain and clarifying functional roles.

Carbon emissions in flux

Boosting knowledge about the supply chain and the industry can hedge against this issue, and 3rd-party audits are one possible way to increase transparency, depending on the industry in questions.

Consumer product use

When Levi Strauss conducted a lifecycle analysis for their jeans, they made some big discoveries that impacted their sustainability strategies. "To our surprise, we learned that 58 percent of the energy and 45 percent of the water used during the lifetime of a pair of Levi’s jeans occurs during the consumer-use phase," says the company. "This is huge and we know it. So we've invited a global dialogue with costumers about how caring for their clothes affects the environment through initiatives such as Care Tag for Our Planet." They now encourage customers to wash jeans every two weeks (instead of weekly), to use cold water, and to line dry.

When considering consumer use, the possibilities are endless. Tide even introduced a new product to encourage consumers to use lower temperatures when washing clothes. Tide Coldwater Clean claims consumers can save 500 pounds of carbon dioxide emission annually by washing in cold water.  Microsoft has created software that helps computers use an estimated 27 percent less energy. Such initiatives often begin with a lifecycle assessment to clarify areas of opportunity.

Product end-of-life

Office space

This initiative began with an exploration of  the current organizational culture of Iron Mountain and how to enhance it through with a new corporate headquarters. The company has also been looking for creative ways to reduce the environmental impact associated with its vast real estate footprint.

“The greenest and most cost effective square footage we have are the spaces we don’t have,” explains Kevin Hagen, director of corporate responsibility for Iron Mountain.

Have you uncovered any sneaky sources of emissions in your organization? 

Image Credit: Flickr/ Avinash Kaushik

Sarah Lozanova is a regular contributor to environmental and energy publications and websites, including Mother Earth Living, Green Building & Design, Triple Pundit, Urban Farm, and Solar Today. Her experience includes work with small-scale solar energy installations and utility-scale wind farms. She earned an MBA in sustainable management from the Presidio Graduate School and she resides in Belfast Cohousing & Ecovillage in Mid-coast Maine with her husband and two children.

Patagonia has invested in Yerdle to advance its reuse agenda

Indigenous rights and risks continue to gain attention these days, and no wonder. Global warming and land rights conflicts with industrial operations both continue to impact Indigenous people's rights and way of life, according to a new report released by First Peoples Worldwide.

The Fredericksburg VA-based organization, which was started by Cherokee social entrepreneur Rebecca Adamson, looks at the impact of companies and government polices on native peoples worldwide. Their first report, released in November 2013 highlighted the fact that native communities in all nations surveyed faced some type of risk to their land and cultural way of life when industries like oil, gas and coal mining opened operations on or near their indigenous lands.

This year's report, released last week, looked at 330 extractive industry projects across the world and their impact on the regions' native communities.

Indigenous populations affected by the extractive industry projects were scored according to the protections afforded to them by their governments. Legislation, proactive government efforts and legal recourse were among the factors that led to the scoring. To achieve this, the researchers scored the country on four independent points: i) regional and national recognition ii) land rights, iii) decision making, and iv) civil liberties.

The research also looked at the kinds of extractive processes underway, such as the Keystone pipeline in the U.S. versus mineral mining impacts in Chad and the companies in charge of those extractive projects. It evaluated the companies' reputation for protecting indigenous rights, its willingness to engage in dialogue and the level of risk that the company's operations and approaches posed for local native populations.

The outcome provides a glaring picture of the risks that native populations face today when it comes to extractive operations, particularly in countries where indigenous populations have not yet been recognized. Some of the interesting outcomes of the study include the fact that Colombia had a relatively high rating when it came to recognition of native peoples, but a poor rating when it came to their right to consultation and their ability to exercise civil rights. Under the current government regime, Bolivia on the other hand, recognizes its native populations, affords them moderate rights when it comes to their land and civil rights, but restricts their rights to consultation in issues that affect their lands and privileges.

But the most interesting of all, were the ratings afforded to the U.S. and Canada, which scored the U.S. native populations at a lower risk percentile than Canada populations, even though Canada recognizes its indigenous peoples as First Nations with separate negotiable treaty status, and a strong voice in government regulation. According to this study, the United States affords more civil rights and a higher level of consultation to its indigenous populations than Canada currently accords its Aboriginal peoples.

The report also sheds an interesting light on which corporations have opened their doors to dialogue since last year's report. According to the report, some of the winners are ConocoPhillips, EOG Resources, Occidental Petroleum, Southwestern Energy and Spectra Energy.

You may recall Southwestern Energy as the company that had attempted to open extractive operations in New Brunswick last year and found themselves embroiled in a conflict with the Elsipogtog First Nation. The company had gained government approval, but local populations felt they had not had a say about issues that affected their community.

Unfortunately, the majority of the corporations studied by First Peoples Worldwide have not yet been willing to engage in dialogue with native community representatives. This report, which hopefully will continue on an annual basis may help encourage that. Proactive dialogue like that now undertaken by Southwestern Energy helps save money and company resources, as well as protect the livelihoods and cultural integrity of native peoples.

Image: Dylan Walters

The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) recently announced that it is on track to achieve the Obama Administration's 2020 renewable energy goals after awarding a competitive power supply contract. Responsible for procuring the goods and services – including energy – federal government agencies need to do their jobs, GSA contracted to purchase 140 megawatts (MW) of wind-generated electricity from the Walnut Ridge Farm currently in development in northwest Illinois, according to a GSA news release.

The ten-year power supply contract is the largest wind energy purchase from a single source in federal government contracting history, according to GSA. It will add over 500,000 megawatt-hours (Mwh) of emissions-free wind-generated electricity per year to the PJM power grid.

GSA's latest renewable power purchase also gives a big boost to the Obama administration's efforts to promote renewable energy resource development and use among Native American communities. The Walnut Ridge wind farm is being developed by MG2 Tribal Energy, a joint venture the Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians and commercial wind-power project developer Geronimo Energy.

Demonstrating renewable energy leadership

Determined that the federal government take on a leadership position in reducing carbon and greenhouse (GHG) emissions by making use of renewable energy resources, President Obama on February 5, 2013 issued “Presidential Memorandum – Federal Leadership on Energy Management.”

In the Presidential Memorandum, President Obama set a goal requiring federal government agencies to obtain 20 percent of the electricity they use annually from renewable energy resources by 2020. He noted that, during his tenure, federal agencies, as of December 2013, had reduced annual GHG emissions over 15 percent, by 7.8 million metric tons. That's the equivalent of taking some 1.5 million cars off the road. The purchase of 140 MWs of emissions-free wind power from Walnut Ridge will avoid an estimated additional 499,973 metric tons of CO2 emissions a year.

The GSA has calculated that it needs to procure 500,000 to 550,000 Mws of renewable energy per year in order to achieve the federal government's 2020 renewable energy goal. The GSA meets this annual requirement with the award of the 10-year power supply contract with MG2 Tribal Energy and its Walnut Creek wind farm.

The Obama administration has been keen to promote and foster development and use of renewable energy resources by and for Native Americans. Commenting on GSA's awarding the 10-year power supply contract to MG2 Tribal Energy, Mesa Grande Band Chairman and MG2 President Mark Romero stated:

“The Mesa Grande Band is excited about our partnership with both Geronimo Energy and the GSA. This contract represents an important step forward in the history of the Mesa Grande Band because it is entirely consistent with our historic concern for Mother Earth and the continued availability of clean water, land, and air for future generations. Few other economic development opportunities enable us to remain so true to our cultural and spiritual values."

The wind power supply contract will also help the federal government achieve the renewable energy and GHG emissions reduction goals set out in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and Executive Orders 13423 and 13514. It could also help consumers across the PJM power grid – the largest electricity market in the world – meet their electricity needs, GSA points out. The PJM power grid spans all or parts of Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia.

Image credits: 1), 3) Geronimo Energy; 2) GSA; 3) Mesa Verde Band of Mission Indians

Norway ranked number one in the University of Notre Dame’s Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN) for its ability to adapt to climate change. ND-GAIN ranks over 175 countries on their ability to adapt to climate change. Norway has been at the top of ND-GAIN’s rankings for almost 20 years. Scandinavian countries are all ranked higher than Australia, Canada and the U.S., big countries loaded with natural resources. Sweden ranked number three, Finland number 4, and Denmark number five while Australia ranked number 6, United States number eight, and Canada number 11.

The rankings were released on November 5 at the 2014 Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index Annual Meeting hosted by the Wilson Center. The ND-GAIN ranks countries every year “based on their vulnerability to climate change and their readiness to adapt to the droughts, superstorms and natural disasters that climate change can cause,” according to a press release. It is also used to keep track of a country’s progress over the last 18 years.

“In Norway and the other members of the ND-GAIN leaderboard, we see role models in countries positioned to adapt to climate change,” said Jessica Hellman, research director of the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index.

Republican politicians are climate change deniers

Here are some of the statements:

“I don’t necessarily think the climate is changing,” said U.S. Senate candidate, Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV).

“This is not settled science. Many of the same scientists believe there is no God, but they don’t know. There’s no science on that. So, scientists, like the rest of us, can have beliefs, but that doesn’t make it science,” Rep. Todd Rokita (R-IN)

While Rep. Jason Chaffetz (R-UT) admitted that the air is affected by what we put into it, he said, “The Al Gore defined global warming is a farce.”

Rep. Dan Benishek (R-MI) said, “I’m not sure there’s any evidence to prove that there’s man-made catastrophic global warming,” Rep. Dan Benishek (R-MI).

Photo: Lisa

In a global first, a group of institutional asset owners and managers are jointly calling for comprehensive transparency and disclosure to be adopted as core principles in reform of the international taxation system to be put before the G20 Leaders Summit in Brisbane this weekend.

The group including the £150B UK Local Authority Pension Fund Forum (LAPFF)**, Quebec fund Batirente, Royal London Asset Management (RLAM), Paris based OFI Asset Management & Triodos Investment Management from the Netherlands have issued a statement supporting the initial stage of the OECD BEPS Action Plan and urging a general improvement in corporate governance, transparency and disclosure standards around taxation issues.

“Modernising the international taxation framework cannot be separated from global financial integrity, rebuilding trust and strengthening resilience in international financial structures and investment markets,” said Kieran Quinn, LAPFF chair.

“As international investors, ensuring sound governance practices are embedded in corporate activities, including taxation planning and associated reporting and disclosure mechanisms is a fundamental concern. Financial secrecy, opaque accounts and aggressive tax practices do not best meet our underlying objectives as inter-generational investors aiming for sustainable value creation.”

“We urge G20 Leaders to ensure transparency and disclosure, are directly embedded as core principles in relevant tax treaties and national agreements and to work towards a comprehensive multilateral agreement at G20 2015.”

“In addition, we call on transnational corporations to recognise that many existing financial practices around secrecy and taxation are not sustainable and no longer meet institutional investor governance expectations nor reflect growing civil society views of responsible, transparent corporate behaviour within a licence to operate.”

Picture credit: © Lukelake  | Dreamstime com  - Save Your Savings Photo
 

According to a new global survey of 260 heads of sustainability conducted by Verdantix, the independent analyst company, sustainability leaders have increasing executive committee influence.

Their decision-making authority and budgetary contributions span a wide range of areas including assurance, consulting, energy management, natural capital, reporting, supply chain and other sustainability activities. Over 90% of responding firms have a sustainability leader who reports into the CEO or another member of the executive committee.

“We found that while few sustainability leaders point to large budget increases, our results reveal sustainability spending across entire organizations is typically up to ten times bigger than the sustainability team’s budget with over two-thirds expecting corporate-wide spending growth” stated Yaowen Ma, Verdantix analyst and author of the report.

The report, Global Survey 2014: Sustainability Budgets And Priorities is based on interviews with senior sustainability decision-makers and budget-holders from 260 firms with revenues between $250m and over $20bn. The Heads of Sustainability were from 13 territories: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Mexico, the Middle East, Russia, South Africa, the UK, and the USA. Respondents’ firms spanned 21 industries covering business and financial services, consumer services, energy and basic resources, manufacturing, and retail and consumer products.

The report found that firms favour spending on employees with 28% of sustainability budgets being invested on employees and 21% spent on consulting services (10% of budgets are spent on assurance providers). Interestingly, 8 out of 10 firms already publish sustainability reports but only 39% of firms pay for external assurance of their entire sustainability or integrated report.

Picture credit: © Catur&nbsp | Dreamstime com&nbsp - World In Suitcase Photo

While big apparel brands ramp up production of a slew of fashions to gear up for the holiday season, Zady, the e-commerce curator of sustainably made womenswear, menswear and accessories, is set to launch its own collection of ethical styles for the holidays — with one slight difference: It will only sell one item.

In the spirit of slow fashion, the New York-based startup plans to release items from its first collection one-at-a-time in the coming months. The initial private label piece, which will become available on their site in the coming weeks, is a knit wool sweater that was entirely designed and manufactured in the United States.

Zady prides itself in offering high-quality clothes and home goods that are made to last and provide an alternative to the world of disposable, fast fashion. Its new Essential Collection is an extension of that endeavor.

Farm to Closet

Self-described as the “Whole Foods of fashion,” Zady has built an online destination that does more than simply sell local, organic and ethically made products — it espouses conscious living and engages consumers in each product’s journey from farm to closet.

“Whole Foods is massively successful because there’s a consumer who is awakening,” said Maxine Bédat, Zady’s co-founder. “The conversation is changing. Whole Foods pushed organic food into the forefront, and now Walmart carries organic food. We’re reaching out to a community of people who want to buy beautiful products and feel good about it.”

Buyers of the new Essential Collection sweater have much to feel good about: The knit is made with natural fibers and low impact dyes, and it's made by manufacturers who treat their employees well.

Another value that shoppers can revel in with Zady’s new collection is that all products are completely made in the U.S. The wool for the sweater, for example, was grown in Shaniko, Oregon, treated in Jamestown, South Carolina, dyed in Philadelphia, and manufactured in Southern California.

Made in the USA

Making a garment that’s entirely made in America is no small feat. Fifty years ago, about 95 percent of apparel worn in the United States was made domestically – but today that number is closer to 2 percent. Supporting the domestic economy is important to Zady, though the company also sees the environmental value of making its new collection at home.

Environmental standards are much higher in the U.S. than in unregulated countries, where the vast majority of garments are made. By choosing to make all products in its collection in the U.S., one product at a time, Zady is able to build relationships with people across its supply chain — from farmers to knitters — and vouch for its high standards.

“It's not easy to vet a supply chain, but it's certainly easier when what you produce is made domestically,” said Soraya Darabi, Zady co-founder. “In the case of our knit, we looked far and wide for a ranch that treats its sheep very well, and for owners…who are incredibly connected to the Earth.”

“Once our locations were selected for the sheering, washing, dyeing, spinning and constructing [of the knit], we made a point to visit each location. From Imperial Stock Ranch in Oregon to G.J. Littlewood Dye House in Pennsylvania, we've met the owners of each factory and spoken to them at length about our mission, which aligns with their own.”

Storytelling

Besides its focus on sustainable fashion, what sets Zady apart from other e-commerce retailers is its focus on the people — and stories — behind each garment and accessory on its site. All products sold on Zady’s site are accompanied with words and images that tell the story of the product’s making and makers.

The company will use storytelling to engage consumers with its new collection, too. Starting with its sweater, Zady will showcase videos that unwrap the complicated supply chain story and give consumers an insight into the making of the garment. A behind-the-scenes look of the people, the “survivors” as Bédat puts it, who made the collection possible every step of the way is now available on their site.

With those human stories in mind, consumers might view their Zady sweater in a new light — and perhaps think twice before ditching it next year for the season’s newest trends.

Image credit: Zady via Facebook

This is a weekly series of excerpts from the new book “The B Corp Handbook: How to Use Business as a Force for Good“ (Berrett-Koehler Publishers, October 13, 2014). Click here to read the rest of the excerpts.

By Ryan Honeyman

Our series continues with the next installment of a six-week, turbocharged Quick Start Guide to becoming a Certified B Corporation.

Week one focused on getting a baseline assessment of your social and environmental performance; week two focused on motivating and engaging your team; week three was about creating an action plan for B Corp certification; and week four discussed how you can raise your B Corp assessment score.

Week Five: Fine tune your assessment score

OBJECTIVE: As your team is working through the action plan, keep track of your improvements by inserting your data into the B Impact Assessment. This will give you an updated score.

END RESULT: A recalculated and refined B Impact Assessment score.

1. Ready to tackle bigger items?

Depending on the measures you have implemented, the difficulty of those measures, and the results of the phone review with a B Lab staff member, your score may have improved since your initial assessment results. Now is a good time to reconnect with the key internal stakeholders in your company, such as the people you invited to the summit during week two.

Update these key stakeholders on your progress so far and have a conversation about the remaining (and possibly bigger) action items on your list. If you have not done so already, have a discussion about whether your company is interested in becoming a Certified B Corporation.

2. Next steps for B Corp certification

After the phone review, did your score remain above 80 points? If your score dropped below 80, go back to the Improve Your Impact section in the B Impact Assessment to identify practices that can raise your score. The B Lab staff can give you recommendations to help you identify any low-hanging fruit. If your score stayed above 80, however, you can start submitting supporting documentation to verify your responses.

3. Submit supporting documentation

After a B Lab staff member moves your assessment to the next stage of the review process, the B Impact Assessment will randomly select eight to twelve heavily weighted questions and ask you to submit supporting documentation to verify your responses. For example, if you said you have an environmental purchasing policy, B Lab’s staff may ask you to upload that policy to the B Impact Assessment for review. Usually, the most heavily weighted questions are selected for verification. If your company is not able to verify a particular answer, the answer is changed and the credit is removed.

4. Make it official

If the B Lab staff does not have any further questions about your uploaded documents, you are nearly finished. B Lab will send you an electronic version of the B Corp terms and conditions and the B Corporation Declaration of Interdependence and will ask you to pay the applicable B Corp certification fee.

Ryan's Tip: Remind your staff to save any notes they have on why and how they answered certain questions on the assessment. These notes will come in handy if your company decides to become a B Corporation and you are asked to produce evidence of your practices.

Coming next week: Week Six: Celebrate and Next Steps

Image credit: B Lab

Ryan Honeyman is a sustainability consultant, executive coach, keynote speaker, and author of The B Corp Handbook: How to Use Business as a Force for Good. Ryan helps businesses save money, improve employee satisfaction, and increase brand value by helping them maximize the value of their sustainability efforts, including helping companies certify and thrive as B Corps. His clients include Ben & Jerry’s, Klean Kanteen, Nutiva, McEvoy Ranch, Opticos Design, CleanWell, Exygy, and the Filene Research Institute.

To get exclusive updates and free resources about the B Corp movement, sign up for Ryan’s monthly newsletter. You can also visit honeymanconsulting.com or follow Ryan on Twitter:@honeymanconsult.