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By Mark Camilleri, PhD

Companies deal with different stakeholders’ opinions, attitudes and perceptions about their behavior. Often they need to strike a balance in satisfying numerous stakeholders’ expectations.

Of course, businesses can’t please everyone. Yet, they should try to engage in fruitful and collaborative working relationships with their external stakeholders, as dialogue often leads to improvements in mutual trust and understanding. Continuous communication also translates into benefits for a company's reputation, brand image, customer loyalty and investor confidence.

Companies cannot afford to overstate or misrepresent their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Although they often manage to control their internal communication paths, it is much harder to control external media. As a result, it has never been more necessary to turn stakeholders into potential advocates for both the cause and the company. This can happen if CSR initiatives are a good fit for the company's mission and vision. It is advisable that CSR communications reflect the ethos of the practicing organizations. Therefore, the intentions of CSR (and sustainability) reporting should be clear, with specific and relevant information featuring the company’s credentials -- and how stakeholders can benefit.

Leveraging CSR for increased stakeholder value

CSR behavior is directed at the organization’s stakeholders comprising human resources, suppliers, customers and the community at large. Well laid down policies and initiatives are usually communicated through formal statements in annual reports, as well as through corporate websites. CSR reporting covers areas like training and development opportunities for employees, employee consultation and dialogue, health, safety and security issues, and also measures for work-life balance.

Apparently, business organizations are increasingly pledging their commitment for more innovative environmental investments. For instance, energy and water conservation, waste minimization and recycling, pollution prevention, environmental protection as well as sustainable transport options. These sustainable practices bring strategic benefits such as operational efficiencies and cost savings. Several empirical studies (including mine) have indicated that discretionary investments in CSR, whether they are driven from strategic intents or from "posturing behaviors," often result in improved relationships with internal and external stakeholders. The rationale for societal engagement is to anticipate third-party pressures, lower the criticisms from the public and minimize legal cases through compliance with regulations.

CSR should not be merely presented as goodwill or as a philanthropic venture. It should be featured as a realistic business case for stakeholders. This shared value proposition requires particular areas of focus within the company’s context. Yet, at the same time, it looks after the societal well-being. This notion contributes towards sustainability by addressing societal and community deficits. Presumably, shared value can be sustained only if there is a true commitment to organizational learning, and if there is a genuine willingness to forge relationships with key stakeholders, including customers and employees. Free publicity and informal word-of-mouth can either bring supportive or damaging effects. Moreover, there is scope for businesses to foster strong relationships with particular community and marketplace beneficiaries. Such stakeholders can possibly serve as a buffer against potentially negative and harmful reviews.

Content marketing and CSR: Driving the point home

Recently, companies are increasingly focusing their attention on content and inbound marketing. In a nutshell, content marketing necessitates an integrated marketing approach through different channels of communication with stakeholders. This has to be carried out at all times. Many local businesses are becoming proficient in their customer engagement. They realize that this marketing approach brings customer loyalty, particularly if the business is delivering consistent, ongoing business propositions.

In a similar vein, inbound marketing tactics also draw customers to businesses. Successful businesses are continuously coming up with informative yet interesting, original content through innovative marketing and interactive methods such as blogs, podcasts, social media networking and e-newsletters. Online content includes refreshing information which tells stakeholders how to connect the dots. It goes without saying that corporate internet sites are serving their purpose. The general public is continuously presented with a better picture of a company's communications -- containing the latest news, elements of the marketing-mix endeavors and marketing fads. It transpires that content marketing has become a valuable tool for CSR communications.

Businesses who make use of the right content to explain their CSR behaviors will gain a competitive advantage relative to others. On the other hand, stakeholders have become acquainted with businesses communicating their motives and rationale behind CSR programs. CSR practices provide a good opportunity for businesses to raise their profile through their laudable behaviors. At times, businesses can obtain decent coverage by third parties, especially media enterprises who are renowned for their sense of objectivity. Strategic communications help to improve the corporate image of firms, leading to reputation benefits and rapports of trust with stakeholders. This short contribution suggests that content and inbound marketing can be successfully employed for CSR communications and to enhance customer and employee engagement.

Image credit: Flickr/Ericsson Images

By Dr. Nicoletta Piccolrovazzi, Technology and Sustainability Director, Dow Olympic Operations Team

With the Sochi Olympic Winter Games upon us, athletes and fans around the world are now captivated with one of the world’s greatest sporting events. Nations have proudly united under their national banners, with a good spirit of global competition and sportsmanship running high.

However, much of what has garnered the media’s attention so far for these games has left the global audience wondering about what will be the true impact of the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games.

While these issues will no doubt continue to be debated throughout and after the games as we reflect on Sochi, there is naturally a number of positives to examine with regards to any Olympics, such as the glory of global athletes, and even added excitement from local businesses and communities seeing a massive influx of spectators and media that is sure to spark commerce and leave a taste of the host country scattered across the world. And although this heightened activity can also be associated with an emissions burden from the organization and staging of such a massive event, an innovative partnership has been formulated to ensure that this facet of the games brings yet another positive to the legacy of the Olympics at large.

Protecting the environment is a priority of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). In 1996, the IOC formally recognized its importance to hosting the games, naming the environment the third dimension of "Olympism," joining sport and culture. This created an opportunity for more positive action around the games and a chance to address a new challenge and drive tangible results.

As the official chemistry company of the Olympic Games since 2010, Dow evaluated the needs of the Olympic Movement and the role we could play in helping to make the games better by our participation. On this broader commitment to the Olympics, we stepped up to partner with Sochi 2014 to transform the aspiration to deliver "games with minimal impact to climate" into tangible carbon mitigation results.

As the official carbon partner of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, we at Dow strategized on how we could address a tangible and meaningful target related to the sustainability of the games, which led to the creation of a truly groundbreaking initiative -- the Sustainable Future program. This unique program is designed to mitigate the direct carbon emissions of the games and also to introduce more sustainable business practices in key industries for Russia.

Now, we are proud to say that we have helped the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games become the first Olympic Games in history to mitigate the entire direct carbon footprint of its Organizing Committee prior to the opening ceremony. As of today, we have delivered emissions reductions amounting to more than 500,000 tons of CO2 equivalents – as verified by international experts ERM.

Our partnership with the International Olympic Committee, along with an innovative technology program and approach, is what made this incredible feat possible.

The underlying guiding principles for this approach have been set out in the Climate Solutions Framework developed in partnership with international experts at Offsetters. Dow’s framework was launched at the United Nations’ COP 19/CMP 9 event in Warsaw, Poland, in November 2013, with broad recognition from private and public sector players from around the world.

Our program is focused on integrating more sustainable practices in three key markets in Russia: agriculture, construction and infrastructure. Our solutions range from training local farmers in more sustainable farming practices and introducing seeds to produce healthier oils, to weatherizing Russian homes to increase energy efficiency, and finally to improving the integrity of existing structures and new ones, such as bridges and roads, with the application of carbon fiber composites.

And, in addition to these innovative projects, we have purchased voluntary carbon credits to completely offset spectator and media travel associated with the games – a first in Olympics history.

And now through our program and accomplishments at the Sochi Games, we hope to provide a model in which the public and private sector can collaborate to address the environmental impact of all large-scale events, not just the Olympics. That’s the vision in which we designed our framework -- a model that is not only spearheaded by Dow, but one that can be adapted by a variety of organizations and institutions.

But when the games end on Feb. 23, our impact will carry on. While our immediate focus is on mitigating the games’ direct carbon footprint, our long-term goal is to position Russia for greater environmental prosperity with the opportunity to build both low-carbon and economically sound development.

Our agriculture programs will help promote more sustainable farming practices in Russia. Our construction programs will improve the energy efficiency performance of homes across the country. Our infrastructure program will have implications on the future emissions landscape as these public structures will require less maintenance moving forward. And we’re also promoting awareness of ways in which Russia’s citizens can reduce their environmental footprint every day.

So, while most will measure the margin of success at the Olympics on the number of medals won by athletes and their countries, we’ll be measuring our success in climate benefits -- and seeing Sochi 2014 as a bright spot on the podium.

Image courtesy of International Olympic Committee

British retail giant Primark is the latest global clothing company to commit to eliminate hazardous chemicals from its clothing supply chain.

In a statement on its website it says: "We believe that business has a duty to act and trade responsibly. We have a stringent chemical management policy in place which complies fully with EU legislation. This policy is supported by a programme of due diligence and scrutiny to ensure our products comply at all times with these legal requirements.

"However, Primark has long recognised the importance of continuing to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing processes, and has today announced its commitment to work with industry and stakeholders including Greenpeace to ban the use of all hazardous chemicals from the supply chain."

The move follows luxury fashion label Burberry's recent announcement  to eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals from its supply chain by 2020 following a 'Detox' campaign spearheaded by Greenpeace.

The NGO expressed delight at Primark's announcement saying the news was 'fantastic'. However it cautioned: "It’s time for them to walk the talk. Detox leaders like Mango, H&M and Fast Retailing are showing how it’s done and setting the toxic-free trend. Unfortunately, some like adidas and Nike are stuck on the first step, while others like Disney haven’t even got off the starting block."

Aiming to bridge the digital divide in India and developing countries worldwide, Vihaan Networks Limited (VNL) has been promoting a wireless micro-telecommunications infrastructure solution that is proving to be low in cost, simple to install, and easy to maintain. Powered by solar photovoltaic panels (PV), it also eliminates the need for mobile telecoms operators to rely on diesel fuel to power wireless base stations and associated infrastructure.

An open-access rural fiber optic network provider and a wireless Internet Service Provider (ISP) have brought Vihaan's “green” wireless broadband infrastructure to the US. Working with Vihaan, Mid-Atlantic Broadband Communities (MBC) and Gamewood Technology Group have deployed a pilot-scale installation of Vihaan's WorldGSM Rural Site and Village Site solutions in the rural southern Virginia town of Halifax, the companies announced on Feb. 5.

Green wireless broadband for unserved rural communities

Hollowed out by the loss of furniture and textile manufacturing and tobacco production, southern Virginia business leaders got together with telecoms experts to develop a blueprint to revitalize the regional economy. Mid-Atlantic Broadband Communities (MBC), an independently operated, open-access wholesale fiber-optic network operator, was established in 2004 with support from federal and state government agencies.

Building out its open-access fiber optic network, MBC reached cash-flow breakeven in 2007. In 2010 and 2011, it was awarded $32 million in American Recovery & Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Broadband Stimulus Program grants through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) to carry out three projects to further extend broadband Internet access across the region, including $16 million to provide broadband fiber network connections to all unserved K-12 schools in southern Virginia.

Looking to enhance the overall sustainability, as well as geographic reach, of its fiber optic network, MBC partnered with wireless ISP Gamewood Technology Group and turned to VNL's solar-powered WorldGMS Rural Site and Village Site solutions.

“Bridging the Digital Divide is a critical piece of our mission," MBC president and CEO Tad Deriso added. “We continue to try new things to enable ISP’s to expand their last-mile reach. We believe a solar-powered wireless broadband platform can be a benefit to continue expansion of low-cost wireless broadband services in hard to reach, rural areas of Southern Virginia.”

With mobile telecoms access exploding, India's wireless network operators are burning an estimated 1.8 billion liters of diesel fuel per year to power their networks, VNL notes. Not only does the company's eliminate the need to burn diesel, it has drastically scaled down the amount of power, and number of solar panels needed to power a wireless base station. “A single traditional GSM Base Station would require a solar panel covering 200m². WorldGSM™ Base Stations only need two 3m² panels,” VNL states.

Looking to take “a new approach to delivering low-cost, GSM and high-speed broadband to unserved rural communities across the globe,” the pilot test in Halifax will enable MBC and Gamewood “to test the coverage, speed and functionality of unique wireless rural broadband access equipment and evaluate the technology for wider deployment in rural, unserved communities,” MBC explains in a press release.

VNL founder, chairman and CEO Rajiv Mehrotra commented on the pilot program, saying,

“We are delighted to partner with MBC and Gamewood to deliver wireless broadband access in the Town of Halifax, Virginia, USA. This historic and scenic town is such a contrast to the harsh topography of remote areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America, where VNL has deployed GSM and broadband networks. That’s the beauty of a simple, sustainable solution like WorldGSM – it fits in fine, anywhere. Compact and green, it’s showing the way to deliver cost-effective access to unserved communities.”

Added Halifax Town Manager Tom Espy,

“Downtown businesses and visitors to the historic County Seat were accustomed to free Wi-Fi when Pure Internet/Kinex offered the service until the company closed its office 2 years ago. MBC and Gamewood Technologies have provided their wireless expertise, allowing our community to once again possess an enhanced technology which improves the overall business climate and quality of life we seek as part of the town’s ongoing revitalization.”

Image credit: VNL

It’s usually a bad thing to "gum up the works," but in the case of the safety issues confronting lithium ion batteries, maybe gum is the solution.

Washington State University researchers have developed a chewing gum-like battery material that could dramatically improve the safety of lithium ion batteries.

A WSU group led by Katie Zhong, Westinghouse Distinguished Professor in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, recently reported on their work in the journal, Advanced Energy Materials. And they have filed a patent on the substance.

High-performance lithium batteries are widely used in everything from computers to airplanes because they are able to store a large amount of energy in comparison to other types of batteries.

But they do have a serious downside, as companies such as Dell and Boeing have found out. Their biggest potential risk comes from the electrolytes in the battery, which is made of either a liquid or gel in all commercially available rechargeable lithium batteries. Electrolytes are the part of the battery that allow for the movement of ions between the anode and the cathode to create electricity. But if the liquid acid solutions leak, a fire or chemical burn hazard can result.

While commercial battery makers have ways to address these safety concerns, such as adding temperature sensors or flame retardant additives, they “can’t solve the safety problem fundamentally,’’ says Zhong.

So the WSU researcher developed a gum-like lithium battery electrolyte, which works as well as liquid electrolytes at conducting electricity, but doesn’t cause a fire hazard.

According to the university, researchers have studied solid electrolytes to address safety concerns for some time, but they don’t conduct electricity well and it’s difficult to connect them physically to the anode and cathode. Zhong’s group looked for a material that would work as well as liquid and could stay attached to the anode and cathode, “like when you get chewing gum on your shoe,’’ she told her students.

Yu “Will” Wang, a graduate student, designed his electrolyte model specifically with gum in mind. It is twice as sticky as real gum and adheres very well to the other battery components.

The material—technically known as “nanoporous polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes”—is a hybrid of liquid and solid, and contains liquid electrolyte material that is hanging on solid particles of wax or a similar material. Electric current can easily travel through the liquid parts of the electrolyte, WSU says, but the solid particles act as a protective mechanism. If the material gets too hot, the solid melts and stops the electric conduction, preventing a fire hazard.

The electrolyte material is also flexible and lightweight, which could be useful in future flexible electronics because it can be stretched, smashed and twisted, while continuing to conduct electricity nearly as well as liquid electrolytes. In addition, Zhong says the gummy electrolyte should be easy to assemble into current battery designs.

While the researchers have shown good conductivity with their gummy electrolyte, the next step is to begin testing the idea in real batteries. Zhong’s group was part of a larger group of WSU researchers that received support from the Washington Research Foundation last year to equip a battery manufacturing laboratory for building and testing lithium battery materials in commercial sizes. The research groups are also working together to combine their technologies into safer, flexible, low-cost batteries.

Thanks to scientific research, sticking it to lithium batteries could be the solution that adheres for increased safety. But does it come in flavors?

Image: Battery+Zhong via the WSU media transfer site

Cisco Systems, makers of networking gear, software and solutions, has recognized, as a company, that it is in a great position to capitalize on the coming trend to connect everything, whether it's people or processes or machines.

That trend is estimated to be worth somewhere in the neighborhood of $14 trillion over the next decade. Whether it's the industrial Internet, big data or smart cities, the company is reinventing itself as the purveyor of the Internet of Everything (IoE), also known as the Internet of Things (IoT). Last year they acquired building efficiency solution provider Joulex, which offers enhanced opportunities to reduce IT-related energy consumption in buildings through their expanded EnergyWise suite.

Cisco has been working in the smart cities space for seven years now --- providing services including traffic management, parking assistance, waste management, pollution reduction, virtualized learning, security and health care.

This week they took another major step, announcing a strategic partnership with AGT International -- a solutions provider that  works specifically in the smart cities space, where they have fielded an impressive array of solutions ranging from law enforcement, to environmental monitoring to citizen services.

I spoke with Wim Elfrink, Cisco's executive vice president and chief globalization officer, and Geoff Baird, president of AGT's Product & Technology Group, about the announcement.

Triple Pundit: What is the rationale behind this strategic partnership?

Wim Elfrink: Take a look at the demographic shifts that are occurring, with so many people moving into cities. There will be competition between cities for labor , innovation -- and young people. So they will need to address the sustainability agenda of environmental concerns, climate change, rising water levels and so on.

AGT will be providing software solutions supported by our infrastructure, data centers, video management systems, intelligent cameras, etc. AGT has specialized in connecting people, processes, data, and things and have unleashed the potential of services that are already available in the cities to create flood warning systems, energy management [and] traffic congestion reduction.

At Cisco, we say that only 1 percent of what can be connected has been connected, so there is a great deal of untapped potential. Over the past 12 to 18 months, we've been working on an integration of our solutions that will be coming out this summer, that will be evolving from premise-based to cloud-based, and eventually to pay-as-you-go. They will span across infrastructure, services and operations.

Geoffrey Baird: AGT is a privately held technology company, focused on the smart city space for the past seven years. As Wim said, given the urbanization trend, where 50 percent of population is already in cities, 3.5 billion, a number that is expected to double in a few decades, cities can no longer manage using the approach they've used in the past.

Our solutions will help to manage cities—safety level, traffic level, pollution. The IoE creates the digital footprint of the city, the connection, the ability to understand what is happening across the whole city. And it allows us to integrate a wide variety of services, using things like cameras, license plate readers, smart meters, building controls, and smartphones which are enabling citizen-as-sensor.

3p: It almost sounds like cities are becoming more self-aware. Can technology make a city great, or are we just looking and hoping to increase capacity in order to manage the enormous urban influx, which is estimated today at 10,000 people per hour?

WE: We can improve quality of life. Problem sets vary by region and as you move up the economic pyramid, but many of these can be addressed with these kinds of services. In the developed world there [are issues like] aging population, assisted living, getting cars off the roads. In the developing world, you have rapid population growth driving needs. Cities like Bangalore now need new a hospital every six months--and a new school every three months. That's never going to happen.

Look for virtualization of education and health care. But it's not going to happen overnight in a world where 2 billion people live on a dollar a day, and are not connected, but it's coming. Technology has become a new essential infrastructure, and also a key enabler for sustainability.

GB: We think we can make cities great and we can do it through the engagement of citizens. Innovation happens through integration of people. We are creating a platform that allows citizens to engage with the city. Cisco research in Germany has concluded that consumer engagement will drive the Internet of things. We are currently building a system in Germany that enables citizen control over local power--integration with the grid, while managing privacy at the same time.

3p: Sounds like empowerment (no pun intended), using technology to bring individual voices into the conversation. Could this be a template for future applications?

GB: Absolutely. For example, we have a smartphone app that links directly into the city control room. It's based on a fusion engine (running a Cisco UCS technology) that takes in all data in an automated way [and] correlates and authenticates it before dispatching the appropriate response. It could be anything from uncollected trash, to an open pothole to a crime report . Once received it becomes an active alert. It's a complete (closed loop) circle, though it's not been publicly announced yet.

3p: How do you interface with the non-technical world? How do you ensure that you are not creating solutions that are looking for problems?

WE: We have a case study in Barcelona. City architects are working together with utilities. We asked them: What are your most pressing problems? We heard everything from energy management, walkability, traffic congestion, crime, equality, education, health care, and so on. They began looking at the problems and issues holistically. Not a silo approach but multidisciplinary. Now, they have a master plan that can leverage technology to solve these problems in an innovative type of way. Then we can easily see, five-year plans that can be tied to aspirational goals: Energy efficiency increased by 30 percent, water usage decreased by 50 percent, traffic goes down, crime goes down--as people are happier and get more involved.

GB: One of the key things we talk about is the concept of operations. We create a digitization and work-process flow of expertise and skills. We capture the workflow expertise of a waste management worker, or a police officer. The conversion of that knowledge into a set of algorithms and rules is a core focus of this alliance. In so doing, we are creating a knowledge cloud that helps you run a city.

3p: This sounds like it could be very helpful on one hand, but also a bit Orwellian on the other. How do you avoid that?

GB: Isolation of content and privacy are extremely important. We might look at the movement of a crowd, but not at individuals within that crowd. It's best to keep it anonymous, done in a way that protects individual citizens.

3P: Well, I think individual citizens would prefer it that way, the NSA notwithstanding. It reminds me of a story I heard on NPR about researchers in Seattle tracking drug abuse trends in the city by measuring the concentration of certain drugs at the waste-water treatment plants.

GB: That's an excellent example.

3P: I know we're just about out of time. What are each of you most excited about regarding this new partnership?

WE: From Cisco's perspective, this work really makes our network infrastructure relevant. The fact that it allows cities to move from reactive to proactive planning. This will substantially contribute to the sustainability of cities.

GB: As a much smaller and younger company, this endorsement by Cisco is a great validation of the investments we've made and the work we've done.

RP Siegel, PE, is an inventor, consultant and author. He writes for a number of sustainability sites including Triple Pundit and Justmeans. He co-wrote the eco-thriller Vapor Trails, the first in a series covering the human side of various sustainability issues including energy, food, and water in an exciting and entertaining format. Now available on Kindle.

Follow RP Siegel on Twitter.

Back in October 2012, we reported on a new urban mobility service operated by Scoot Networks, which at the time had just beta-launched in San Francisco. While similar to the numerous bike-share operations that have sprung up in hundreds of cities around the world, Scoot modified that model; from its website, "Scoots are shared, electric, smartphone-activated motor-scooters you can ride in the city."

As a membership-based service, riders can use Scoot's app to locate available scooters from numerous locations around the city, check the state of charge of any given vehicle, and by docking their smartphone, unlock a ride to go about their business.

Sixteen months on, this week I spoke with Michael Keating, Scoot's CEO, to hear how their business is developing. Things appear to be on the up.
Following their September 2012 launch, 2013 saw the company move through a steep learning curve -- figuring out how to operate the service, work out the kinks and as Keating says, "raise a bunch of capital."

This year will see the company build out the service in San Francisco, with the aim, Keating says, "to make it a fully fledged service for the city." Growth has already been significant. At launch, Scoot operated from four staging locations in the city's South of Market neighborhood, with just 20 Scooters. Since then, they've expanded to 12 locations, and with a further five opening up this week, Scoot will offer members 17 locations throughout San Francisco to pick up a scooter.

In addition, the company is expanding its fleet this week, bringing the number to more than 50 scooters available for members to use. Better still, they are lowering their pricing to $3 for the first half hour and $1.50 after that, which Keating tells me, makes any trip under an hour now cheaper than before.

Significantly, the new pricing reflects changes in usage patterns that Scoot has observed since they offered "one-way" rides between staging locations last summer. Initially, the service required that members begin and end their trips from the same location. Now, people can take a scooter from one location and drop off at another, which has tended to make trip duration shorter. Since offering one-way trips, they have rapidly become the majority of rides taken, and the new pricing makes the service even more affordable. At the same time, with shorter, one-way trips, scooters go back into service for other members to use sooner, making the network more efficient.

For a relatively small fleet of vehicles at the outset, over the past 16 months, Scoot has enabled 10,000 rides while covering an aggregate distance of more than 50,000 miles. The company estimates its service has kept 62,000 pounds of CO2 from the environment.

Based on the Scoot team's experience so far, I asked Keating if they had come across any surprises. He told me they were, "surprised by the variety of usage." As expected, many members use the service for commuting, but they also found a significant number of people using the service on a once-per-week or once-per-month basis, to run errands, go to the gym or simply check out a new neighborhood. Also, many members who initially used the scooters for recreation then began to realize they're also a fast and economical way to get around the city, leading them to start using the service for more practical purposes.

Of course, there are many ways to get around tech-infused San Francisco. In the 16 months since Scoot has been in business, the Bay Area bike share program has started, while app-based taxi substitutes such as Uber and Lyft have proliferated. I asked Keating whether these alternatives had made growing Scoot more challenging. Instead he said, "we see them as complements." Taxis are useful if people have been out drinking, for example, and bike share is cheap, but you quickly run into hills in San Francisco, so, "We play our own role."

Going forward, I asked about plans for expansion to other cities. "We're looking to explore, but probably won't be in other cities before 2015." However, Keating says they are informed by bike sharing programs that have exploded in recent years, explaining that since Paris launched theirs in 2007, that model has been copied in more than 700 cities worldwide in less than seven years. If the market for shared electric scooters is even a fraction of that, it paints a potentially rosy future ahead.

Image Credit: Photo courtesy of Scoot

The online community 2degrees is all about engagement.

For the past six years it has been helping companies large and small solve their sustainability challenges by facilitating peer-to-peer collaboration via its online platform. Today, it is the world’s largest community for sustainable business professionals, with more than 35,000 members.

And of these members, many use the community to engage and influence their stakeholders – whether through the plethora of forum threads and blog posts, or via webinars and feature articles.

And when it launched its awards and recognition scheme, it was keen to keep this core 2degrees reason-for-being centre of mind – to create a sustainability awards scheme like no other, one that its members could use as a key component of their stakeholder engagement efforts.

And that’s exactly what happened.

Now in its second year, 2degrees is once again calling for organisations and individuals with inspiring examples of sustainable business practice to shout about their success stories by entering this year’s 2degrees Champions Awards.

As the only sustainable business awards voted for entirely by industry peers, the 2degrees Champions Awards offer recognition to those using innovation to push the boundaries of environmental, economic and social sustainability.

Last year’s winners included a range of start-ups, SMEs and FTSE-listed businesses including Unilever, The Co-operative Group, Sky, O2 and SC Johnson.

Last year’s Sustainability Champion of the Year, Sky’s Daniella Vega, described the Awards as being "in many ways, a lot more powerful and humbling than being selected by a group of judges  - there’s something very healthy about being scrutinized by your peers”.

What makes the 2degrees Awards different to other awards schemes is its use as an effective stakeholder engagement tool. And not just for those that win, but for all those that enter too.

From encouraging your staff to vote for you, to bringing your commercial teams to the Awards ceremony itself, as was the case with winning business O2. “The 2degrees Champions Awards are actually an engagement tool in their own right,” said O2’s Katie Hyson. “Even if you’re not a winner, the Awards give you a great opportunity to drive enthusiasm and interest in that particular project.”

The 2degrees Champions Awards are a recognition and reward scheme like no other in that – from a stakeholder engagement stance, at least – it creates many winners before a vote has even been counted.

Entries for the 2degrees Champions Awards are open until midnight on 14 February 14 2014.

To find out more and enter click here
 

CVS/pharmacy announced it will voluntarily stop selling all tobacco products at 7,600 U.S. stores, as an effort to do the right thing and fulfill its purpose: "Helping people on the path to better health."

The decision will take effect on Oct. 1, 2014, following the launch of a smoking cessation program this spring, with the goal of helping millions of Americans quit smoking.

"Every day, we are helping millions of patients manage chronic conditions, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, and all these conditions are made worse by smoking," says Larry Merlo, president and CEO of CVS Caremark. "Tobacco products have no place in a setting where health care is delivered. When we asked ourselves where we expect to be in the future as a health care company, it became clear that removing tobacco products from our stores is the right thing to do."

CVS/pharmacy Rebrands

This move will give CVS, currently the No. 2 drugstore chain the U.S., an opportunity to set its brand apart from Walgreens, the largest pharmacy chain, and Rite Aid, which ranks third. Consumers are increasingly looking to the Internet to buy many of the items currently sold at these chains, but pharmaceutical sales continue to rise. There is a growing health and wellness trend currently underway in the country and some people feel that the U.S. Affordable Care Act requires promoting public health.

CVS is the first national pharmacy to pull tobacco from the shelves, which might motivate other national pharmacies to do the same. Target stopped selling cigarettes in 1996, as did Wegmans Market, an East Coast supermarket chain, in 2008.

The recent announcement helps align CVS/pharmacy with these trends and sets it apart as a leader, and we are likely to see other companies follow a similar trend. CVS has increasingly transitioned to providing health care services, and not merely doling out pills. Smoking cessation is a good target for companies wishing to promote health, given that it accounts for 480,000 deaths each year in the U.S. and is the leading cause of preventable death.

Smoking rates have fallen significantly from 1965, from 43 percent of the American population to 18 percent today. Cigarette sales have even fallen 31.3 percent from 2003 to 2013, according to the Euromonitor International. It's worth mentioning that CVS/pharmacy will continue to sell other items that contribute to high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes, such as liquor, soda and king-size candy bars.

Financial Impacts

Regardless, this decision will have a noticeable financial impact on the company, which expects to replace some lost cigarette revenue through smoking cessation programs.  The company currently has $2 billion in annual tobacco sales, and an expected 2014 revenue of $132.9 billion. This move will certainly look good in the eyes of doctors, insurers and the 82 percent of Americans that don't smoke. But will it strengthen the brand enough to forgo the revenue loss?

The good news for CVS is that the future looks bright for pharmacy revenue. Third quarter profits in 2013 were up a staggering 25 percent, largely due to generic drugs sales.  It has benefited from the expiration of patents covering top-selling drugs, thus enabling it to sell more generic drugs where it receives a higher margin. The U.S. is one of two countries that allows direct marketing to consumers, $2.4 billion was spent in 2011 on ads about pharmaceuticals, which fuels continued drug industry growth. Prescription drugs are the fastest growing sector in American healthcare, going from a $12 billion industry in 1980 to a $275.6 billion industry in 2010. The average American spent $898 on prescription drugs last year, far more than other developed countries. One in four children are on medication for chronic conditions, and this doesn't include prescriptions for acute conditions or over-the-counter medicines. This spending is likely to continue as these children enter adulthood.

Given this, it does seem to make good business sense to focus on drug sales, by refining the  brand and having well-trained pharmacists and nurse practitioners on-hand as a competitive advantage. It seems more like the decision is part of a broader rebranding effort than a publicity stunt, although they may as well get some attention for it.  The pharmacy market is crowded and competition is fierce, so it is smart for CVS/pharmacy to set itself apart, and kick the tobacco habit.

Fossil fuels have long held an advantage over renewables in that they provide a combined energy source and storage medium in one substance, be it gasoline, coal, oil or natural gas. The fact that you can save it, store it, then use it continuously whenever you need it is a tremendous convenience.

That gap is now being closed with the advent of combined solar-storage systems. These new systems not only match the capability of fossil fuels, but can actually go them one better. How? By taking advantage of the separation between energy source and storage medium, a number of new suppliers are now inserting intelligence between the two, allowing users to effectively blend their renewable resources with conventional ones in ways that are most advantageous.

Take, for example, Green Charge Networks (GCN), who provides battery storage combined with solar panels in a system that employs predictive algorithms to anticipate a building's demand for electricity on a moment-by-moment basis. This information is then used to smooth out demand, resulting in significant savings in demand charges. The company just reached a milestone this week of 1 MW of installed capacity.

So what are demand charges and what are they for?

The utilities explain it with a single word: capacity. They need to be able to deliver every single watt of power to every single customer at any given moment of the day. If they fall short, the whole system could crash. When you turn on a light or start your dishwasher, you're probably not thinking about how many other people are making demands on the system at the same moment. But your electric utility would like you to. Because if you don't that could mean they need to build another power plant to increase their capacity. And power plants are very expensive. So they charge a fee for demand, which in states like New York and California, can amount to as much as 40 percent of the entire electric bill or more. This is done both to incentivize limit-setting (they sometimes even pay customers for demand reduction) and to help pay for new capacity, should it be needed.

Then there is also the question of so-called peaker plants that can be brought online quickly to respond to surging demand. They tend to be less efficient and more polluting than plants that run continuously.

So, reducing peak demand can not only save customers money, it can also help reduce pollution, including carbon emissions. Furthermore it can also help stabilize the grid. These reasons were all cited by the state of California's Public Utilities Commission, who acted late last year to encourage energy storage investment, going so far as to set a target for 1.325 GW of capacity to be online by 2020.

Industry has responded. A few weeks back we wrote about a solar storage partnership between Tesla and Solar City. Tesla will provide battery technology developed for its electric vehicles to Solar City, in order to allow their customers to store power to maintain operation at night and during cloudy spells. As an added benefit, it provides backup during grid outages, and like GCN's system, their DemandLogic software also helps reduce peak demand charges. While GCN has primarily been placing their systems in retail stores along the East Coast, Tesla and Solar City are targeting both residential and commercial customers with installations in California, Connecticut and Massachusetts.

Solar Grid Storage is another player in this space - offering an integrated system. In their business model, they retain ownership of their storage systems, providing storage as a service to their customers. By maintaining the storage asset and dispatching power to the grid as needed, they can derive revenue from the grid support market, to help finance the storage assets. At the same time, their systems include the power inverter needed to convert the DC power coming off the PV arrays into grid synchronized AC power. This saves their customers the expense of installing the inverters, which all other grid-supported solar PV systems require.

Don't be surprised to see the sector grow and become increasingly competitive. Most of us will be the better for it, enjoying reduced pollution, lower electric bills, reduced climate impact and a more stable grid. As for the utilities, they are worried, as they should be, though we need to ensure that they remain viable, too, in the midst of momentous changes. We will continue to need them and the grids they maintain, for years to come.

Image courtesy of Green Charge Networks

RP Siegel, PE, is an inventor, consultant and author. He writes for a number of sustainability sites including Triple Pundit and Justmeans. He co-wrote the eco-thriller Vapor Trails, the first in a series covering the human side of various sustainability issues including energy, food, and water in an exciting and entertaining format. Now available on Kindle.

Follow RP Siegel on Twitter.